First-principles Calculations of Rare Earth Diffusivities

First-standards Calculations of Rare Earth Diffusivities First-standards computations of uncommon earth (Y, La and Ce) diffusivities in bcc Fe Conceptual: The polluting influence diffusivities of uncommon earth components, Y, La and Ce, in bcc Fe have been explored by the primary standards estimations inside nine-recurrence model and semi-experimental rectifications for polarization. The infinitesimal boundaries in the pre-factor and enactment vitality have been determined. For the three components, the solute-opportunity associations are largely appealing, and Y and La solute particles all the more well attach to the opening. The solute-opportunity restricting vitality can be clarified as far as the blend of the mutilation restricting vitality and the electronic restricting vitality, and the strain-alleviation impacts represents bigger bit of the coupling vitality for Y and La than that for Ce. The dissemination coefficients for Y and La are tantamount, and anticipated to be bigger than that for Fe self-dispersion. Contrasted and Y and La, Ce shows huge relocation vitality and powerless solute-opening alluring connection, which represents the most minimal diffusivity of this component. Catchphrases: Diffusion; Rare earth; Bcc Fe; First-standards computations 1. Presentation In the previous years, the expansion of uncommon earth (RE) components has been respected promising in prepares [1-3]. A progression of gainful exploration for the advancement of Rare earth Addition have been centered around the decontamination and alteration of consideration, since RE components are portrayed by noteworthy negative free vitality changes for compound arrangements. RE doping likewise improve the high-temperature oxidation opposition of prepares because of the responsive component impact (REE) [4,5].In option, the stage changes, recrystallization conduct, and the consumption obstruction of steel can be improved by including RE [6, 7]. Information on these is fundamental to comprehend the impact of RE increments on the physical, synthetic and different properties of prepares. Regardless of the advancement so far in RE application, it is clear that numerous inquiries despite everything remain rather questionable. Information for the impacts of uncommon earths on a superficial level and interfacial properties, surface pressure, contact edge, and so forth., of prepares, are unanswered, for exact solubilities of uncommon earths in iron and prepares are as yet not accessible. Besides, precise thermodynamic information are as yet unacceptable, to precisely foresee these attributes. Dynamic properties, specifically dissemination coefficients for RE, are fundamental in understanding the basic component of RE’s above impacts [8]. Consequently, the examination of the diffusivity for these RE components is required to be valuable with regards to creating RE prepares. Despite the fact that for dissemination in bcc Fe numerous information are accessible, all things considered there is minimal trial or determined information for RE. For the three usually utilized RE components, Y, La and Ce, just the dissemination coefficient of Y has been accounted for [9].The reason for the current work is to explore the contamination diffusivities of uncommon earth components, Y, La and Ce, in bcc Fe by the primary standards estimations inside nine-recurrence model and semi-exact rectifications for magnetization[10,11], compute the related solute-opening restricting energies, movement energies, pre-variables and initiation energies for these debasement diffusivities, just as the self-dispersion coefficient of Fe, therefore talk about the related elements of the dissemination coefficients. 2. Philosophy The temperature reliance of dispersion coefficient D is communicated in the Arrhenius structure D=D0exp(- Q/kBT). For bcc Fe, the Arrhenius plot of self-dispersion and solute dissemination in iron of the ferromagnetic state digresses downwards from the Arrhenius relationship extrapolated from the paramagnetic state [12]. This impact is ascribed to the difference in charge which influences the dispersion actuation vitality. The temperature subordinate polarization on the dispersion enactment vitality is all around depicted by the accompanying structure [13]: QF(T)=QP[1+ÃŽ ±s(T)2] (1) where QF(T) and QP are the actuation energies in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic state, separately; s(T) is the proportion of the polarization of unadulterated iron at a given temperature T to that at 0K, and has been tentatively estimated [14,15]; the steady ÃŽ ± measures the degree of the impact of attractive on enactment vitality. The deliberate estimation of ÃŽ ± for Fe self-dissemination is 0.074, on account of the solute species researched in this setting have no deliberate ÃŽ ± values accessible, the qualities can be evaluated from a semi-observational straight relationship with the initiated change in nearby charge on Fe particles in the first and second neighbor shells of a solute molecule [16]. The main standards estimations give direct access to the extent of the actuation vitality in the completely requested ferromagnetic state (T=0K). Given the estimations of ÃŽ ± and s(T), we can register QP through the connection , and QF(T) from Eq. (1). We put together the dispersion computations with respect to the presumption that the instrument of dissemination is basically monovacancy interceded. For self-dissemination and solute dispersion on a bcc cross section, the dispersion coefficient can be communicated as following [10,17]: Dself=a2f0Cvw0 (2) Dsolute=a2f2Cvw2(- ÃŽGb/kBT) (3) where an is simply the bcc grid consistent, f0=0.727 is the self-dispersion connection factor, f2 is the relationship factor for solute dissemination which relies upon the relative bounce rates for an opening to various locales neighboring the solute iota. Cv indicates the balance opening focus, can be composed as Cv=exp(ÃŽSf/kB)exp(- ÃŽHf/kBT), where ÃŽSf and ÃŽHf are the opportunity development enthalpy and entropy, separately, the consonant estimate causes these two to become temperature-autonomous constants. what's more, kB is Boltzmann’s consistent. w0 and w2 are the opening jumping frequencies for Fe and solute molecules to trade with a closest neighbor opportunity, individually. In view of change state hypothesis (TST), the opportunity jumping recurrence w is composed as , where and are the phonon frequencies in the underlying state and progress state, and the item in the denominator disregards the flimsy mode; ÃŽHmig is the relocation vitality, gives the vitality disti nction for the diffusing iota situated at its underlying balance cross section position and the seat point position. The solute-opportunity restricting free vitality ÃŽGb can be communicated as ÃŽGb =ÃŽHbTÃŽSb, where ÃŽHb and ÃŽSb are the coupling enthalpy and entropy, individually. The relationship factor f2 can be determined utilizing the nine-recurrence model created by Le Claire [11] which includes diverse bounce frequencies of opening to their first neighbor position within the sight of the solute iotas, as delineated in Fig. 1. In this model, the collaboration of solute-opening is expected up to second neighbor separation. The nine frequencies appeared in Fig. 1 compare to the entirety of the particular opportunity hops, including the host Fe iota hop w0 without contamination. The point by point figuring strategies could be found in Ref. [10]. Fig. 1. Schematic delineation of the nine-recurrence model for the bcc Fe crystalline with a solute molecule. The bolts demonstrate the course of the opening hops. The numbers in the circle speak to the neighboring site of the solute iota. For accommodation, we can speak to oneself and solute dispersion conditions (Eqs.(2) and (3)) in Arrhenius structure to get the pre-factor and actuation vitality of dissemination. By joining the above Eqs., the dissemination coefficient for Fe self-dispersion and solute dissemination can be communicated as: (4) For self-dissemination, the pre-factor is, and the actuation vitality in the completely requested ferromagnetic state given as . Additionally, the solute dissemination coefficient can be communicated in an Arrhenius structure with the pre-factor is, and. The primary standards estimations introduced here are completed utilizing the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package(VASP) with the projector expanded wave(PAW) technique and the summed up angle guess of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional(GGA-PBE) [18]. The calculations performed inside a 4㠯‚â'4㠯‚â'4 supercell including 128 molecules. The official, opening arrangement and relocation energies were determined with 300eV plane-wave cutoff and 12㠯‚â'12㠯‚â'12 k-point networks. All figurings were performed turn energized, with a ferromagnetic requesting of the Fe minutes. The lingering nuclear powers in the casual designs were lower than 0.01eV/Ã… . The change states with the seat point along the base vitality dissemination way for opening relocation were resolved utilizing poked flexible band (NEB) strategy [19] as executed in VASP. We embrace the consonant estimation (HA) to consider the commitment of ordinary phonon frequencies to free vitality. Th e typical phonon frequencies were determined utilizing the immediate power consistent methodology as actualized in the Alloy Theoretic Automated Toolkit (ATAT) [20] bundle. Comparative cutoff vitality, k-point work size and supercell size utilized for the complete energies were utilized for the vibrational figurings. 3. Result and conversation Table 1 represents our determined opportunity arrangement, relocation and restricting energies, just as the steady ÃŽ ± for solute species, the related initiation energies for self-and solute-dissemination in the paramagnetic and completely requested ferromagnetic state. For unadulterated bcc Fe, the opportunity arrangement vitality and movement vitality got here are predictable with the announced scope of qualities, ÃŽHf=2.16-2.23 eV and ÃŽHmig=0.55-0.64 eV [10,21,22]. For Y contamination in bcc Fe, the determined opening restricting vitality and actuation vitality in full arranged ferromagnetic state additionally contrast well and the past first standards work [9,23], in which ÃŽHb=-0.73 eV and =2.26 eV. It very well may be seen that Y and La have littler initiation vitality than that for Fe self-dissemination, while Ce

Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage

Presentation Managing the open medical clinics is as of now a precarious endeavor. This is because of the way that the administration is under steady examination by the overall population. Thusly, all assets from the open coffers must be viably overseen. The open assets on removal is ever inadequate to address all the issues for running an office like an emergency clinic and the small assets that are accessible must not be squandered. That is the reason the idea of gracefully chain the executives is significant in improving the exhibition of the association (Davis, 1993, para. 4).Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supply chain the executives will in the long run help in administration conveyance to the patients’ fulfillment while radically chopping down the expenses. In wide terms, gracefully chain the board is an idea including administering the account , materials and furthermore the data while it is moving from the provider to maker lastly to the customer. Supply anchor the board is to limit the need of holding stock in the association. Gracefully chain the executives has three streams. Money stream which involves budgetary plans of the association with the outsiders, that is, the providers and the clients. Data stream manages preparing the requests and being refreshed with the status of conveyance. At long last, item stream involves how items move from provider to the clients. To all the more likely comprehend gracefully chain the executives, it is critical to distinguish its parts. These incorporate arranging, sourcing and producing, making, conveying and returning (Wailgum, 2007, p. 6). Foundation of the examination The Children, Youth and Women’s Health Organization (CYWH) is a wellbeing office which was built up in 2004 by the Australian government. The essential target of this association is to advance the strength o f youngsters, youth and the ladies. The medical clinic which situated in Adelaide gives maternity administrations and authority care for kids who are experiencing interminable conditions. CYWH has a strategic conveying quality administrations for ladies, youngsters and the youngsters by working connected at the hip with customers and the accomplices to accomplish the primary objective of keeping up wellbeing of South Australians. The emergency clinics key arrangement covers a time of five years where it wants to set up the establishments for solid country. Investigation of the current circumstance The present human services framework existing in South Australia can't be supported and required to be redesignd. This is the primary motivation behind why the administration set up CYWH emergency clinic to address medical problems of her people.Advertising Looking for evaluation on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More The wellbeing and examples of sicknesses are continually changing in the southern piece of Australia. This is like other battling countries. Note that lion's share of the illnesses can be dealt with and forestalled. Anyway it isn't generally conceivable to treat such illnesses because of the way that the individuals don't have adequate accounts that empowers them get to quality clinical consideration. Sicknesses, for example, corpulence related with unfortunate way of life are turning out to be normal and a test to the specialists. Since it is costly to deal with the sicknesses, it is imperative to use gracefully anchor the board to enable the medical clinic to deal with these maladies. The idea of gracefully chain the executives applies in this circumstance with the end goal that the medications required to adequately treat the illnesses need to move from the producer, for this situation the pharmaceuticals, to the administration stores, at that point to the patients. This is a long chain comprising of numerous players and the effect of deferring or breaking any piece of this chain can be huge. The prime target of flexibly bind the board is to radically cut the expense and keeping up insignificant inventories (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky Simchi-Levi, 2003, p. 24). In CYWH emergency clinic, there are frequencies where mishap casualties are brought into the clinic yet surrender to sicknesses because of host of variables, for example, deficiency of specialists to go to the patients and lack of medication. Medication for rewarding illnesses may not be accessible when required because of calculated issues. For instance, if the producer is situated out of Australia, the technique for gaining the medication may not be as straightforward as it ought to be. Flexibly chain the executives will guarantee that period between securing the medication from the pharmaceuticals and getting them at the clinic is short. This will lessen the fatalities. It is basic in the emer gency clinic that there are immense supplies of medication not helpful to the patients (Msimangira, 2009, p.3). These medications are either moderate moving or are lapsed. Such stock was purchased at an expense. Hence stock costs such a patient kicking the bucket or lose of confidence can be high. Unsatisfied patients should look different offices for treatment if there emergency clinic can't accord them one. In any case, to execute such a framework isn't simple in light of the fact that the wellbeing business is loaded with vulnerability (Simchi-Levi et al., 2003, p. 30). It isn't sure when the patients will appear or when the clinical providers will be out of date. Such deficiencies drove the emergency clinics to purchasing colossal amount of prescriptions and causing superfluous stores (Dong Xu, 2002, p.75).Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The exercises inside the medical clinic are not sorted out. For example, clinical records of the patients are put away in an area which is far and recovering them isn't be simple. In this manner, introducing the provisions chains the executives framework in the medical clinic will bring different advantages, for example, between departmental coordination of the exercises which makes it simple to run the emergency clinic. The association needs to incorporate Information Technology (IT) in its tasks (Poirier, 1998, p.100). This is on the grounds that Information Technology is an indispensable segment of flexibly chain the board. As per Byrd and Davidson (2003, pp. 243-255), IT will bring different advantages, for example, the capacity to track and screen the medication development along the flexibly chain. Following the advantages of the medical clinic has been a precarious issue as a result of the physical areas (IBM, 2009, p. 3). With the presentation of provisions chain the executives, it will b e anything but difficult to screen and track the benefits and other basic supplies claimed by the clinic. There are exercises which don't increase the value of the emergency clinic and are not center activities of the medical clinic and in this manner causes superfluous spending (OECD, 2007, p.3). With the flexibly chain the board framework, there will be proficiency in the procedures and will dispense with non esteem including exercises. Utilization of Pick transports and request recovery frameworks are a portion of the methods of wiping out such exercises. Normalization of product.Purchasing of types of gear aimlessly has prompted outlandish expenses, thus there is have to normalize all supplies and the items in order to diminish imprudent spending of hard earned assets (Dyckhoff, Lackes Reese, 2002, p. 1). Normalization of items and types of gear guarantees that couple of items are secured in expanded volumes from modest number of providers (Anderson, 2010, para. 1-3). There is o verwhelming discontent among the clinic staff because of the accompanying discoveries. Key discoveries The exercises of the clinic are not very much organized, and subsequently, there are high wasteful aspects in the procedures. Buying of machines and types of gear that are not significant or are of peripheral significance has prompted the medical clinic acquiring significant expenses. There is need of the medical clinic to grasp data innovation. The future or current needs of the clients are not being satisfactorily met. The pharmaceuticals providing the medications to the clinic are not being paid on time The emergency clinic staff is unhappy because of substantial outstanding burden. The procedures inside the association are not steady thus the association isn't effective subsequently. The patients are not all around took care of and this has brought a great deal of protests from them. End Supply chain the board can be critical in achieving operational efficiencies and viability in the wellbeing division (Deloitte, 2006, para. 4). This is on the grounds that it will prompt uncommon reserve funds of expenses and improved consideration of the patients. The significance of flexibly chain the executives is clear from different divisions, for example, retail, accommodation, car, innovation and space businesses which have received and effectively incorporated gracefully chain the board in their frameworks (Christopher, 1999, p. 65). Social insurance industry has given a wide billet the flexibly chain the executives despite the fact that it vows to carry radical enhancements to this part (Spens Bask, 2002, pp.73-88).If gracefully chain the board is settled in into the activities of the emergency clinic, it can produce economies that license the associations to reallocate cash and different assets to patients prompting extreme fulfillment (McGullog, Wadsley, 1999, p.220).Advertising Searching for evaluation on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference List Anderson, D. Part normalization. 2010. Web. http://www.build-to-arrange consulting.com/Standardization.htm Byrd, T. Davidson, N. 2003. Inspecting potential forerunners of IT sway on the flexibly chain and its impact on firm execution. Data Management. Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 243-255. Christopher, M.1999. Coordinations and flexibly chain the board: techniques forâ reducing cost and improving help. London: Pitmann Publishing. Davis, T.2010. Viable gracefully chain the board. 1993. Web. Accessible at: http://www.ie.bilkent.edu.

The Tipping Point for Talent Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tipping Point for Talent Management - Essay Example They can't take he hazard to lose them since it will make a ton of issues for them thinking about the present financial circumstance. This has brought about the practices that lead to ability the board. Because of the monetary condition, associations need to concentrate on the arranging out their sourcing choices that would be founded on the capacities of the representatives and the holes that exist between them, accentuate on the utilization of adaptable workplace, focus on center versus non center exercises identified with work. The greatest factor that is adding to the tipping point for ability the executives rehearses is globalization. There are a great deal of elements that are adding to the change yet globalization’s sway is massive; it makes us perceive how quickly changes occur and how convictions that were once solidly held are faltering and some don’t even exist. The impacts that have been seen because of globalization are as examined underneath: At first it was viewed as that ability the executives, its turn of events and preparing rehearses go equal. Anyway late investigations and inquires about show that it isn't so; the looks into demonstrate that 70% of what should be done at the particular employment is found out at the specific employment itself. Pattern has advanced and it tends to be seen that casual preparing is more productive than the conventional instructional courses which incorporates exercises, for example, cross useful groups, assignments at the global level, stretch assignments and so on. The presentation of coordinated ability the board program is likewise another technique to pick the best workers who might fit in a specific association or employment condition all the more properly. This remembers different exercises for which the representatives recognize their abilities, take a shot at them eventually ad libbing on their current aptitudes and the organization likewise adds to the improvement of traits an d characteristics of the workers. This incorporates the procedure of enlistment, choice

Critically discuss, with examples, the contributions that Managing Essay

Basically examine, with models, the commitments that Managing Diversity arrangements can make to the advancement of balance in associations - Essay Example Significant contrasts like race, age, culture and sexual orientation are clear yet some distinction (saw contrasts) like character and way of life, which change regularly on encounters and connections, can be entangled to make out. The assessment of these distinctions must be done in a positive, supporting and safe environment. [2] â€Å"Diversity goes past business value to supporting a domain that qualities the distinctions and augments the capability all things considered, one that animates representative imagination and innovativeness.† (U.S. Legitimacy Systems Protection Board (U.S. MSPB), 1993) The term assorted variety the board in business can be characterized as a firm which utilizes heterogeneous workforce (like various ages, sexual orientation, race, age and so on) and makes such a climate, that works for all representatives. So as to deal with the decent variety effectively, an association must resolve to keep up and make such a workplace, that regards all the representatives, recognizing the viewpoint and the assorted gifts of people. Associations increase upper hands through low turnover, high inspiration, less inner clash and more employment fulfillment if their workforce assorted variety is very much overseen. A various workforce empowers an association to more readily meet the necessities of their clients. Distinctive new thoughts are brought to the associations by different workers, which help them in tackling different confused issues. â€Å"Managing assorted variety is a procedure of making and keeping up a domain that normally urges all people to arrive at their maximum capacity in quest for authoritative objectives.† (Jenner, 1994; Thomas, 1994 in Dagher and DNetto, 1997) Workforce decent variety is turning into a significant issue which is looked by the administrators of the twenty first century. Not many of these issues are contrasts in ethnicity and dialects which caused breakdown in correspondence, expanding number of ladies in workforce and the maturing populace holding the activity

Writing a Thesis Statement For Research Paper

Writing a Thesis Statement For Research PaperIn order to write a thesis statement for a research paper, you should first of all define what a thesis statement is. It is a statement which outlines the main topic of the research paper as well as explaining how it will be defined and dealt with later on. Thesis statements help researchers in getting a research paper done, since this helps them to make their work organized, whereas at the same time, it also provides them with the starting point that they can work from.However, when it comes to writing a thesis statement for a research paper, there are many things that you need to keep in mind. First of all, a thesis statement for a research paper should not contain information that is too generalized. This is because there are some people who find this kind of information to be rather useless and as such, they tend to stop reading it as soon as it comes out. These are the people who tend to write theses, after all.Moreover, a thesis stat ement for a research paper should be carefully structured in accordance with the course that you are following. This is because there are courses that revolve around a certain topic, such as the study of animal behaviour, and these courses do not have specific sections for dissertations but they do have sections in order to create a thesis statement for a research paper.Next, the style of the statement is also important. Many people make the mistake of writing the thesis statement in a manner that seems confusing and convoluted. You should never confuse your reader because this could lead to them having difficulty understanding your paper.Writing a thesis statement for a research paper is also something that you should take care of in a systematic manner. You should create an outline that goes through the entire thesis and make sure that you adhere to it throughout the thesis.Lastly, there are other things that you need to consider when writing a thesis statement for a research pape r. For example, the publication date is important and you should therefore put it in the back of the statement along with the title of the article.Finally, you should never forget to include the author of the thesis statement for a research paper in your writing. You should ensure that the name is used correctly and this is achieved by ensuring that the first and last names are used in the first and last sentences.By following the guidelines mentioned above, you will be able to write a thesis statement for a research paper in no time at all. Therefore, get writing!

Critically discuss the differences in the view of conflict between ... - Free Essay Example

Introduction The employment relationship refers to a fundamental antagonism between an employer and employee. Therefore, the intrinsic characteristic of employment relationship is conflict (Blyton and Turnbull, 2004). Actually, conflict is inevitable at work. The key lies with how to manage conflict so that it can develop positive effects. However, there are different views against conflict in the theoretical circle. Generally speaking, there are three major theoretical perspectives such as Unitarist, Pluralist and Marxist perspective to view employee relations. In this essay, it will firstly introduce those three perspectives and then critically discusses the differences in the view of conflict among them on employee relations. Secondly, it will describe the development of employee relations in the UK before elaborating appropriate perspective for the analysis of employee relations in the UK. It considers that Pluralist perspective is the most suitable perspective rather than other two perspectives for analyzing the British employee relations. At last, it will make a conclusion in a few words. Theoretical perspectives on employee relations Unitarist, Pluralist and Marxist perspective have been described for understanding and analyzing employee relations. Each of them provides a different interpretation towards workplace conflict, the role of unions and job regulation (Edwards, 2003). In other words, those three perspectives hold different views against conflict in the employee relations. The following paragraphs will introduce three perspectives one by one. After that, it will summarize the differences among them. Unitarist perspective Seeing from the Unitarist perspective, the organization is regarded as an integrated and harmonious group of people with one loyalty culture. Specified explanations are as follows. Such an organization attaches much importance to mutual cooperation. Moreover, all employees within the organization share a mutual purpose. In addition, this perspective similar to paternalism has a high requirement for the loyalty of all employees. The management of such an organization is outstanding due to its emphasis and application. For this reason, it has been concluded that trade unions are not necessary for the mutual exclusiveness of the loyalty between organizations and employees. However, the conflict on employee relations is considered pathological and disruptive outcome caused by interpersonal friction, communication breakdown, as well as agitators (Kaufman, 2004). Pluralist perspective From the perspective of Pluralist, organization is made up of various sectional groups. Each group has its legal loyalties, goals and leaders. Particularly, management and trade unions are two remarkable sectional groups in the Pluralist perspective. As a result, the main job responsibility of management is not enforcement and control but persuasion and coordination. However, trade unions are acted as lawful delegates of employees. The conflict is inevitable here and the conflict in the Pluralistic perspective is solved by collective bargaining. Generally speaking, conflict is always associated with bad things. However, conflict if being managed well can also take place evolution and positive change from the perspective of Pluralism (Kaufman, 2004). Marxist perspective Marxist perspective is also called radical perspective. This perspective is to reveal the nature of the capitalist society. It thinks that workplace relations are against the history. It recognizes inequalities in power in the employment relationship and in wider society as a whole. Consequently, conflict is perceived as an inevitable result. Whatacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more, a natural response regarding workers against the capitalism exploitation is seen as trade unions. The managementacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position would be improved by institutions of joint regulation from the view of Marxism if having the periods of acquiescence, because they suppose rather than challenge the proceeding of capitalism (Hyman, 1975). Differences among three perspectives According to the descriptions toward three perspectives, it is obviously that they have different understandings against conflict. The Unitarist view perceives conflict as a word with derogatory sense and it puts forward three reasons of generating conflict such as agitators, interpersonal friction and communication breakdown. It employs a paternalistic approach, so it is short of the conflict between capital and labor which is the focus of Marxist perspective. Moreover, it does not refer to the solution. On the contrary, the Pluralist view indicates that collective bargaining is the way of tackling conflict. Another difference lies in that sometimes conflict can be positive. It implies the importance of conflict management. It can be seen that the Pluralist view pays much attention to conflict resolution and how to how to manage conflict. Moreover, it considers that the power between parties with different interests is equal, which is just opposite to the Marxist perspective. Actu ally, the Marxist view is very radical. From its point of view, the inevitability of conflict comes from the inequalities of powers caused by capitalism exploitation. That is to say, different from Unitarist perspective, the Marxist perspective gives different reasons of bringing about conflict. Appropriate perspective for analyzing employee relations in the UK In this part, it will firstly describe the development process of employee relations in the UK. Afterwards, it will prove that three perspectives can be applied to analyze the British employee relations but the Pluralist perspective is the most appropriate view for analyzing British employee relations. According to the definition of collective bargaining by International Labor Organization, one party of collective bargaining is one employer, some employers or one or several employer organizations while the other party is one or several worker organization (Herman, 1998). It is obviously that the collective bargaining is not feasible without the union of workers. In Medieval England, the relationship between employers and employees was equal but not class relations. As usual, most of competent employees would live in a separate house or married the daughter of employers. The sprout of the capitalist way of production provided possibility for the emergence of industrial relations. The distinction of manufacturing rights and power of management, the division of employers and employees, as well as the existence of a great many permanent labors provided soil for the generation of the trade union. At the early stage of capitalism, there was not law or system to guarantee the basic life of employees. In order to make a living, workers must negotiate with employers. Although a lot of inequalities existed between them, workers did not have enough countervailing power through individual negotiation or signing contract with each worker. In order to improve life and working conditions, labors gradually united and struggled with employers. At the end of 1600s, trade union emerged as the times require. Because the industrial workers did not form strong hierarchy, the primary labor movement was only limited to the range of manual workers. One of important role of the early trade union on behalf of workers was to negotiate with employers for salary, employment conditions and so on. At the end of 1700s, the collective agreement between employment labor organizations and employers came to the UK, which is the earliest collective agreement in the world (Fraser, 1999). The UK as the source origin of Industrial Revolution is also a country developing trade union movement earliest in the world (Williams and Smith, 2006). Therefore, the British labor relations system is with distinctive characteristics. In the development history of British Labor Laws, collective bargaining is regarded as an effective way to resolve labor disputes. Before the Second World War, the collective bargaining in the UK was mainly a national negotiation. The national collective agreement covered most of workers. Until 1970s, some local collective bargaining emerged. More and more employers started to withdraw from national collective bargaining. Corporate-level collective bargaining gradually occupied dominant position replacing national collective bargaining (Gospel, 1998). Mo reover, the government also supported decentralized collective bargaining and the regulatory institutions such as wages council were abolished. In addition, the British law fully protected the interests of members of trade union and stated a variety of immunities against trade unions so that they would not be charged owing to strikes or other industrial actions. However, collective bargaining has begun to suffer multifarious criticisms since 1980s. Someone criticized that the collective bargaining was too disruptive, because the breakdown of collective bargaining brought about too frequently industrial actions so as to weaken domestic economic competitiveness. As a result, the coverage of collective bargaining gets smaller and smaller. According to the statistics, the coverage has already decreased from 70% in 1984 to 41% in1998 (Addison and Siebert, 2002). In any way, collective bargaining was the basis of the British employee relations for much of the 20th century. Based on the introduction of employee relations in the UK, it can be seen that the British collectivism has already went through the development process from sprout to be legal. In Medieval England, the relationship between employers and employees can be explained with the paternalistic approach. Employers and employees were loyal with the ideal of acirc;â‚ ¬Ã…“a happy familyacirc;â‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  and did not need the trade union to solve conflicts, which is the emphasis of the Unitarist perspective. Consequently, the inequalities existed between employers and employees at the beginning stage of capitalism. Employees were exploited by employers, but they had not enough strong power to solve them. For this reason, the inequalities in power in employment relationship can be analyzed by the Marxist view. After that period of time, the trade union came into being and was firstly responsible for negotiating with employers regarding the issues of wage and employment condition. Afterwards, the co llective agreement emerged in the UK with the improvement of trade union. Moreover, the diversification of employees created conditions for the expansion of trade unions and members. As a result, the form of collective bargaining was more common and was regarded as an effective solution to conflict in labor disputes, which is identical with the view of the Pluralist perspective. Employers gradually found the disadvantages of collective bargaining and less took part in the collective bargaining. As a matter of fact, the decline of collective bargaining can also attribute to the shortcomings of the Pluralist perspective which focused too much on the solution to conflict and the accommodation to change and power differences. In other words, it neglects the government influences and power differences at all employee relations levels. As a whole, the deficiencies of collective bargaining lead to its declination in the British employee relations, but its role can not be substituted for an y other kind of conflict resolution. It can be concluded that the Pluralist perspective has greatly influenced the employee relations in the UK and will continue to develop its effects, which is natural to be the most appropriate perspective for analyzing the British employee relations compared with other two perspectives. Conclusion To sum up, different people have different minds. The Unitarism, Pluralism and Marxism have already expressed their views against the conflict on employee relations. However, there are some differences in their views. Three perspectives are from different angles and have different emphases. After discussing the differences among three perspectives, it has elaborated my own opinion that the Pluralist perspective is the most appropriate for the analysis of employee relations in the UK based on the development process of the British employee relations. It can be concluded from the analyses that collective bargaining with irreplaceable role is playing a less and less important role in the British employee relations with the various changes in employment and the labor force. In addition, conflict management is extremely significant for the sustainable development of organizations. People should not only focus on the conflict resolution but also pay attention to the influences of other f actors. As a result, it is very crucial and indispensable for every organization to establish positive employee relation so as to attract and retain high-quality staff, to improve employee productivity, to increase employee loyalty, to enhance working morale, to elevate business performance, as well as to reduce absence rate (Lewis and Saunders, 2003). (1973 words)

How To Make a Model of the Lungs

Constructing a lung model is an excellent way to learn about the respiratory system and how the lungs function. The lungs are respiratory organs that are vital to the breathing process and necessary to acquire life-giving oxygen. They provide a place for gas exchange between air from the outside environment and gases in the blood. Gas exchange occurs at lung alveoli (tiny air sacs), as carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This oxygen is then delivered to the tissues and cells of the body by the circulatory system. Breathing is an involuntary process that is regulated by a region of the brain called the medulla oblongata. Building your own lung model will help you to gain a better understanding of how the lungs work! What You Need Scissors3 Large balloons2 Rubber bandsElectrical tapePlastic 2-liter bottleFlexible plastic tubing - 8 inchesY-shaped hose connector Heres How Gather together materials listed under the What You Need section above.Fit the plastic tubing into one of the openings of the hose connector. Use the tape to make an airtight seal around the area where the tubing and the hose connector meet.Place a balloon around each of the remaining 2 openings of the hose connector. Tightly wrap the rubber bands around the balloons where the balloons and hose connector meet. The seal should be airtight.Measure two inches from the bottom of the 2-liter bottle and cut the bottom off.Place the balloons and hose connector structure inside the bottle, threading the plastic tubing through the neck of the bottle.Use the tape to seal the opening where the plastic tubing goes through the narrow opening of the bottle at the neck. The seal should be airtight.Tie a knot at the end of the remaining balloon and cut the large part of the balloon in half horizontally.Using the balloon half with the knot, stretch the open end over the bottom of the bottle.Gently pu ll down on the balloon from the knot. This should cause air to flow into the balloons within your lung model.Release the balloon with the knot and watch as the air is expelled from your lung model. Tips When cutting the bottom of the bottle, make sure to cut it as smoothly as possible.When stretching the balloon over the bottom of the bottle, make sure it is not loose but fits tightly. Process Explained The purpose of assembling this lung model is to demonstrate what happens when we breathe. In this model, structures of the respiratory system are represented as follows: plastic bottle chest cavityplastic tubing tracheaY-shaped connector bronchiballoons inside bottle lungsballoon covering the bottom of bottle diaphragm The chest cavity is the body chamber (bounded by the spine, rib cage, and breast bone) that provides a protective environment for the lungs. The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube the extends from the larynx (voice box) down into the chest cavity, where it splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi. The trachea and bronchi function to provide a pathway for air to enter into and exit the lungs. Within the lungs, the air is directed into tiny air sacs (alveoli) that serve as the sites of gas exchange between the blood and external air. The breathing process (inhalation and exhalation) relies heavily on the muscular diaphragm, which separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and works to expand and contract the chest cavity. What Happens When I Pull Down on the Balloon? Pulling down on the balloon at the bottom of the bottle (step 9) illustrates what happens when the diaphragm contracts and the respiratory muscles move outward. Volume increases in the chest cavity (bottle), which lowers air pressure in the lungs (balloons inside the bottle). The decrease of pressure in the lungs causes air from the environment to be drawn through the trachea (plastic tubing) and bronchi (Y-shaped connector) into the lungs. In our model, the balloons within the bottle expand as they fill with air. What Happens When I Release the Balloon? Releasing the balloon at the bottom of the bottle (step 10) demonstrates what happens when the diaphragm relaxes. The volume within the chest cavity decreases, forcing air out of the lungs. In our lung model, the balloons within the bottle contract to their original state as the air within them is expelled.

An American Engineer And Management Consultant Who Is Best...

Henry L. Gantt 1990`s Henry Laurence Gantt, A.B., M.E. was an American mechanical engineer and management consultant who is best known for developing the Gantt chart in the 1910s. (Bernard C. Hilton (2005) p. 64) Gantt’s work and also the fact he could overcome any difficulties in the tasks he undertook has made him well known for his efficiency, an example is the Hoover Dam which was completed 2 year ahead of schedule. He was able to understand how most of the people who worked with him respond to different ways of working and learning. He spent time analysing the way they responded to certain tasks and came to the conclusion together with neuroscience that 65% of the population are visual learners and 90% of the information we receive it’s transmitted through pictures, therefore his work is known to be efficient because is mainly visual so they get a big picture of how a project is structured. How does that actually make us more efficient? It is well known that one picture speaks thousands of words, so by having a look at the big picture of something before it starts helps workers set a goal and be motivated to work towards it, because they know how the end project will look like, and they are ensured that they have enough information to create it. In this way the stress is decreased and the time is managed more efficiently. Project tracking and organisation allows people to see how their actions effect other parts. The organisation Gantt charts are designed to beShow MoreRelatedEvolutin in Management Thought and the Pattern of Management Analysis4319 Words   |  18 PagesEvolution in Management Thought and The Pattern of Management Analysis University of Dhaka Department-International Business(EMBA Program) Submitted to Professor Dr.Abul Hossain Siddique Course-Principles of Management(EIB-506) Date of Submission-25 april,2012 The evolution of management thought and the patterns of management analysis- The purpose of this paper is to give a basic understanding in evolution of management thoughts and the patterns of management analysisRead MoreAre scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organisations of the 21st century?5670 Words   |  23 PagesIndividual Essay Scientific Management and Human Relations Theory Lecturers : Ms.Nguyen Thu Thuy (Assoc.Prof.Dr) Mr.Hoang Anh Duy (MBA) Student name: Duong Viet Hoang Class: FB5B Student ID: 1205012124 Hanoi, March 2014 Table of content I. Introduction 1. Scientific management I.1 Definition I.2 Father of scientific management I.3 Over view of scientific management I.4 Objectives I.5 TheoriesRead MoreAssignment on Roles and Responsibilities of Project Manager9779 Words   |  40 PagesAssignment on â€Å"Roles and Responsibilities of Project Manager† [The assignment is prepared for the requirement of the course Project Management (MGT-4705) of BBA 7th semester] Prepared for Muhammd Shah Course Instructor Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong. Prepared By Name: Nafisa Ahmed Matric No: B-061213 Semester: Spring Level: BBA 7th Female (B) Submission Date: 11th August, 2009 Department of BusinessRead MoreProject Managemant29326 Words   |  118 PagesUnderstand the importance of initiating projects that add value to an organization 2. Discuss the background of ResNet at Northwest Airlines 3. Distinguish among the three major projects involved in ResNet 4. Appreciate the importance of top management support on ResNet 5. Discuss key decisions made early in the project by the project manager 6. Relate some of the early events in ResNet to concepts described in previous chapters 7. Discuss some of the major events early in the project thatRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 PagesPart Two The Scientific Management Era The purpose of Part Two is to begin with the work of Frederick W. Taylor and trace developments in management thought in Great Britain, Europe, Japan, and the U.S.A. up to about 1929. Taylor is the focal point, but we will see his followers as well as developments in personnel management and the behavioral sciences. Henri Fayol and Max Weber will be discussed, although their main influence came later, and we will conclude with an overview of the influenceRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 ResourceRead MoreManagement History Essay10156 Words   |  41 PagesHISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AND ITS LEGACY FOR TODAYS WORLD by J. David Hunger, Ph.D. for Management 370 College of Business Iowa State University (8/18/2005) HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AND ITS LEGACY FOR TODAYS WORLD But Im coming to believe that all of us are ghosts .... Its not just what we inherit from our mothers or fathers. Its also the shadows of dead ideas and opinions and convictions. Theyre no longer alive, but they gripRead MoreThe Essentials of Project Management65719 Words   |  263 PagesNature release THE ESSENTIALS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SECOND EDITION The Essentials of Project Management Second Edition Dennis Lock Gower O Dennis Lock 2001 A l rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, l stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. First published 1996 This edition published by Gower Publishing Limited GowerRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesMurphy New Media Editor: Lauren Sapira Editorial Assistant: Mark Owens Production Management Services: Elm Street Publishing Services Composition Services: Aptara, Inc. This book was typeset in 10/12 Times by Aptara, Inc., and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The paper in this book was manufactured by a mill whose forest management programs include sustained yield harvesting of its timberlands. Sustained yield harvesting

The Human Population Essay - 689 Words

The Human Population By some, the human population is viewed as an environmental problem. There are also those who do not view it as a problem. In my opinion the human population is not yet, but is soon becoming a large problem. This is because very soon we will run out of room and resources for the amount of people who will be living on this planet. Because the world’s population is increasing at a rate between one and two percent, we expect it to double within the next 35 to 70 years. At this rate it will be impossible to support every living being on earth. In fact, many people starve to death each day. Although this happens in America, this starvation most often occurs in third world countries. This is because these countries are†¦show more content†¦Even selecting the people I though should be killed would be impossible for me. I believe many people would also have this problem. Even if some one could be found who was comfortable selecting and killing people, who is to say that this person is correct. I don’t believe that any human has the right to decide who should die in a situation like this. Well then, how should we go about solving this problem? Are acts of Mother Nature such as AIDS, earthquakes, etc. our world’s way of dealing with this problem? Is this not natural selection? Although the starvation of these third world peoples is a horrible thing, I believe that changing it is not necessarily the answer. We now know that we need to do something about the rapid growth of our population. Are the growth and death rates, the poverty and starvation in the countries, our earth’s way of doing that? Or even if it is not, is it not an answer? Do we really need to worry about the conditions in these countries? We need to slow down he growth of the population and that is exactly what is happening. Although it sounds like a horrible thing to say, the world is in danger and needs help. The world however is doing fine right now. It is within the next 70 years that we will begin to see and feel the actual consequences of having a population too large for the earth to support. In my opinion it is a very good idea to start working on this problem now, because when it becomes a reality, it may be tooShow MoreRelatedHuman Race And Human Population1443 Words   |  6 PagesModern humans began to develop nearly 200 000 years ago and ever since then populations of homosapiens have spread across the entire world. Almost every environment we as humans have come across has in time had to change to try and meet the needs of all the species that populate the earth together with the enormously increased human population. Sadly the human population covers over 80% of the earth’s surface with various activities constantly upsetting the natural habitat of species. The human raceRead MoreHuman Population And Its Effects On The Worlds Population1108 Words   |  5 Pages Over the past 50 years the human population has grown exponentially, and as the world’s population continues to increase. A Lot of research has been done by climatologists around the world directly linking the effects of population growth to increased CO2 emissions. I will provide data behind the negative externalities linked with these increased CO2 emissions and how they are linked to overpopulation. Even though it’s a well known fact that the U.S is one of the largest contributors of CO2 emissionsRead MoreHuman Population Growth916 Words   |  4 Pageswas â€Å"Growth is good.† There was no worry about the lives being harmed or how large our impact was, or even of the future repercussions our actions might have. However, this once-carefree opinion has twisted and mutated and created a monster: human population growth. It’s big. It’s fast. And there’s almost no way to stop it, with our current rate of increase. The consequences of our forefather’s actions, carried out so long ago and not given so much as a backwards glance, are now coming back toRead MoreThe Representation Of Human Population1498 Words   |  6 PagesMovie directors predicting humanity coming to an end because of population density may not be as preposterous as society thought. Population is defined as the amount of same species sustaining in a certain region, fo r humans that would be Earth. The graphical representation of human population increase from the beginning of history was a slightly inclined horizontal line, however that all changed after the industrial revolution (more industry, jobs, sustainability, etc.) and from that moment on toRead MoreThe Population Of Humans On Earth1468 Words   |  6 PagesPopulation Throughout most of human history, the population of humans on earth has been kept in check by environmental factors. With humans relying completely on the resources near to them, if a population began to grow too large it would be held back by a need for resources such as food and water. Once a civilisation grew large enough to have the food produced outside of larger cities and sold to the people in the cities, Diseases were the main factor holding population in check. However in theRead MoreThe Human Population Essay659 Words   |  3 Pageslevel (Wright 2005). Population growth occurs when the births out number the deaths. At this population momentum, even after the total fertility rate is reduced to the replacement level, enormous growth is in store for developing countries (Wright 2005). In developed countries like the United States, it is seemly different in that a developed population profile will increase and decrease accordingly (Wright 2005). This is due to demographic changes in comparison. As populations become larger andRead MoreHuman Population Growth458 Words   |  2 PagesHuman population growth is becoming a huge issue in our world today. The population is increasing rapidly. The reason that it is becoming a concern is because it has affected the economic, environmental, and social aspects of our world. In the film Frontline: Heat, we can see how there might not be a future for our planet unless we are able to reduce the emissions and make our world a safe place. Not only for the present but also for future generations so that they are able to live long and healthyRead MoreThe Diversity Of Human Population2190 Words   |  9 PagesThe diversity of human population increases every day. With freedom, people have the will to express themselves in d ifferent aspects of a region, beliefs, or sexual orientation. Most recently, there has been an increase in cases of gay people in America, and the world over. Debate rages whether being gay is caused by hormones, genes, social and environmental factors or a combination of all these factors. Regardless of the cause, the general population is gradually accepting the gay community in theRead MorePopulation Control And Its Effect On The Growth Of A Human Population1126 Words   |  5 PagesPopulation control refers to the practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, this has been made possible by limiting the birth rate, usually by government mandate. It-) has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, environmental concerns, religious reasons, and overpopulation. The idea that population control is needed to be implemented in society dates back to 1798, when Thomas Malthus suggested it in hisRea d MoreThe Growth Of The Human Population1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe indefinite growth of the human population, has monumental impacts on the natural environment, not only in the UK, but around the globe. Architecturally, the entire process of designing and constructing a building, both domestic and not, can lead to the rapid exhaustion of natural resources across the planet. Building with environmental design strategies in mind not only combats the impact we as humans have on the natural environment, but also has considerable economic benefits, due to lower running

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and...

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde It has long been debated that there are two sides to the human mind. Many philosophers have stressed on the fact that human beings are dual creatures’. There is the duality of good and evil, right and wrong, joy and despair. There always is the desire to do something which is against the society, against the laws, although this varies from person to person. Robert Stevenson brings the possibility of another self in one person to life in his creation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His novel is a rich tale of the duality of mankind. We all have a split personality in a sense, we have two sides to us: right and wrong. There is a Mr. Hyde in all of us: anger,†¦show more content†¦He was a typical Victorian gentleman and is described as a ‘smooth-faced’ and ‘well made man’. He wanted good reputation and was regarded by everyone as a true gentleman. But deep inside him, he had the desire to do what he wanted, to go against the rigid rules of the society. Jekyll wanted to fulfil his desires but at the same time he wanted freedom from punishment; freedom from a tainted reputation. The wish to fulfil his secret desires without losing his status and reputation was his ultimate goal. Thus Jekyll ended up creating Hyde, which was another identity of his own and he achieved this with the help of the ‘transforming draught’. Jekyll is a mixture of good and evil but Hyde is pure evil. Everyone Hyde meets is repulsed by his appearance. The physical description of both is very contradictory as well. While Jekyll was a ‘large, well-made’ and a ‘smooth-faced’ man, Hyde was ‘dwarfish’ and ‘hardly human’. In the beginning, Hyde is shown to be small in stature but as time passes, Hyde increases in size as the evil in Jekyll overcomes the good. The two of them had more of a father/son relationship. Jekyll had known all along that by his experimenting, he was putting his life in danger and ‘risked death’. But at the same time, he was also excited by his discovery, which made him enjoy life to the fullest without the burden of responsibilities. ‘The temptation of a discovery so singular and profound at last overcame theShow MoreRelatedStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 PagesThis may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man can be found in the works of two famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the them e of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughoutRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. In the late-Victorian literature, duality appears to be a common theme; serving as a way for modern readers to analyze late-Victorian literature and culture. Stevenson weaves throughout the novel a theme of duality + which appears in the characters of both Jekyll and Hyde as wellRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Duality Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature, duality is anything that has two sides, mostly dealing with good and evil. Duality plays an important role in showing who the char acters are and how the story occurs in many different books. Books in which duality plays a prominent role include Dr. Jekyll and Mrs.Hyde, Romeo and Juliet, and the Bible. Duality exists throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The things characters say, the characters, and actions of the characters are ways duality exists in the play. For example,Read MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 680 Words   |  3 Pagesdevice of personification is found in both The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Heart of Darkness. This literary device is shown to further demonstrate the theme, the duality in human nature. Personification is defined as the ascription of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of a theoretical quality in human form. Stevenson uses personification to figuratively make London come alive. Mr. Utterson comments on the scenery by saying: â€Å"theRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pages Nia Givens The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde Christianity was very important in Victorian London. The concept of the duality of good and evil that was taught in the story of the Garden of Eden was widely used in Victorian literature. â€Å"Duality, humorously and simply stated, is the split of one into two, while still existing as one.† (Lopez). Duality is a theme found throughout Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde’. Most of the story is related in the thirdRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Where Dr. Jekyll 1163 Words   |  5 Pages(Aronson 2) Being from Edinburgh, Stevenson was surrounded with the well-known tales of the past and a history of duality in his hometown. Deacon Brodie and Dr. Knox were both from Edinburgh and both lived â€Å"double-lives†, this undoubtedly had a major impact upon Stevenson’s imagination and later his writings. (Stefan 5) â€Å"While growing up Stevenson had a friend and the son of Sir James Simpson, the developer of medical anesthesia, the two friends would â€Å"experiment† with chloroform, for the enjoymentRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 949 Words   |  4 PagesConrad also employs the literary device of symbolism to further display the theme, the duality of human nature in his novella Heart of Darkness. Three major examples of symbolism are evident in this novella. These examples include, light and dark, the Congo River, and ivory. Similar to Stevenson, Conrad uses light and dark symbolism throughout his novella. Yet curiously in Heart of Darkness, light does not symbolize genuine goodness nor does dark symbolize pure calamity. Marlow proves this when heRead MoreEssay on The Out of Control Alter Ego1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe story â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson conveys the theme of duality in nature in wh ich man is fighting himself, or in this case, another version of himself. Being a psychology major, it is interesting to see a case this serious over how an alter ego can control the main psyche up to the point where it no longer conveys influence, but instead manipulation. In order to understand the control an alter ego can eventually have on the individual, it is importantRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreInfluence of Science and Religion on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde689 Words   |  3 PagesThe novella, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886. The author was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850. His family included engineers, scientists, a professor of philosophy, and a religious minister. The scientific and religious sides of Stevensons family reflected in both his personal life and in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (disap proval between Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll). In 1859 Charles Darwin published his famous book called the ‘Origin of Species’

Video Games And Its Effects - 947 Words

A few months ago, my son asked for a tablet which we bought it for his birthday. It was a good idea back then, since he never had one before and it was his birthday. My only thought was to make my son happy in rewards of his good work at school, but later it become a problem. I was scared of seeing my son playing video games! I started noticing that he was acting different. And many times he wanted to be playing these video games while we were eating or visiting relatives. This situation was very uncomfortable for me. After a few months he was spending more time playing the same games over and over. Eventually, it was normal for him to get back from school and go directly to his room to play video games. My son was putting aside the illusion of having a new bike and have gone to the video games. It is true that video games can become a form of training for the mind or reward for doing good, but excessive use can lead to serious problems.† Qiu Zhu Chengwei was stabbed to death b ecause Caoyuan sold Chenwei virtual sword in the game Legend of Mir 3. Caoyuan offered to pay the sword Chenwei , but he refused and stabbed him while he was sleeping. This is only one case of what children addicted to video games can cause. There are many more cases like this all over the world. It seems like an electronic chip is already fully installed on the new generations and that makes children more able than adults to handle new technologies. Referring to the players, as a case ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On The Video Game Industry Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthe network effects in the video game industry? The network effects in the video game industry are derived from the console system that is sold to consumers. If a company is able to increase penetration in this arena, though at-cost/ below-cost pricing or pull created through the development of desirable content, it can potentially lock in the added value of the video games sold for the system. Which is to say, the console locks-in the network effects in the industry and the games serve to reapRead MoreVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects872 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Games 2 Everyone has their outlet, whether it’s reading, working out, or just hanging out with a friend for a bit; life is crazy and having a way to let out stress is a healthy way of living. Although this is true, one outlet of stress that is becoming larger and larger throughout the years is video games. It was an obvious theme throughout Ready Player One that the world they were living in was so corrupt, that an alternate world was a better option to live in than reality. The world weRead MoreThe Effect Of Video Games992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Video Games â€Å"In 1972, the Surgeon General issued the following warning on violent TV programs: â€Å"It is clear to me that the causal relationship between televised violence and antisocial behavior is sufficient to warrant appropriate and immediate remedial action. †¦ There comes a time when the data are sufficient to justify action. That time has come.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Steinfeld, 1972). In the decades since hundreds of studies have been done on the effects of violent media exposure and violence. Read MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1489 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have drastically altered since the 1980s, they are now more visual, alongside technological advancements, they have become more immersive, so immersive that video games have become an obsession—in fact a deadly obsession. On a Wednesday night in early February 2012, Chen Rong- Yu †a binge gamer,† was found dead â€Å"in the chair from which he’d been engaged in a marathon gaming session.â €  What makes this case extreme is that he was slumped in his chair with both arms stiffened in a postureRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo games have some adverse effects, but they are also valuable learning tools. Research about the role of video games as instruments of higher education is inadequate. The data is also limited by the lack of long-term studies and inconsistent findings. Anyone that has not participated in the activity of playing video games may look down on those that do, because it is not seen generally as a productive use of one’s own time. If playing video games were to be compared to other activities that areRead MoreVideo Game : The Positive Effects Of Video Games716 Words   |  3 Pageschildhood, I have always enjoyed video games, though I am not proud of this statement. During elementary school I would finish my homework straight when I get home, then continue to play video games. It’s not that I was addict ed to gaming, but I really felt that there was nothing else I would want to do. One might argue that I could have gone outside or made art, but I had nobody to go outside with, or make art with, so the easy activity to do was to sit and play video games. I was still active in soccerRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1790 Words   |  8 PagesVideo games are a basis of entertainment for numerous people worldwide, and its users have been growing continuously over the years. It is a source of digital entertainment which does not generate violent crimes and behaviour. Today, in the United States 91% of adolescents between the years of 2 and 17 are video game users(NPD Group,2011). A national illustrative study of U.S. adolescents established that about 99% of boys and 94% of girls are video game users (Lenhart et al., 2008). Vast majorityRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects2390 Words   |  10 Pages Are video games actually as evil as many make them out to be? Some recent studies sh ow that this may not be the case. Video games are a somewhat recently developed technology that was created sometime around the 1950s and over time, games have become more and more sophisticated, leading to new genres and purposes. In recent years, there have been major advances in not only how video games are played, but also how popular they have come in our culture, becoming a part of almost every young adultRead MoreVideo Games Effects1616 Words   |  7 Pagesmale, people have blamed video games. They say that video games make people violent. But that isn’t true. Video games may make people violent while playing them, but that violence never leads any further than yelling at the television screen. Video games should not be put down. In fact, video games help people better their motor skills, the military uses video games for training exercises, and a lot of people use video games to relieve stress. A lot of people view video games as being bad and say that

Leading for Change Enabled Business Organizations

Question: Describe about the Leading for Change for Enabled Business Organizations. Answer: Over the years, the world has experienced a high number of people moving from one country to the other. The rise in globalization and, enhanced migration policies between governments has drove people to move across the globe in search of labor. The advancement in technology and the favorable global business environment has enabled Business organizations to set up branches in different countries and, acquire human resources from various cultural backgrounds. Hence, the current century is forcing leaders to embrace a culturally diverse workforce. However, one culture has an entirely different and preferable way of doing things from the other and today's organizational leadership must be cognizant of the cultural differences to manage effectively. Thus, the paper will address why it is crucial for leaders to understand cultural diversity and, how to influence and support it in modern day organizations. Comprehending the various cultures at the workplaces will enable the current leaders to enhance the organization's competitiveness and improve performance through creativity and innovation. An organization differentiates itself in the industry through exemplary services and unique products and, having people with different knowledge and skills on board boost the capability of coming up with new and improved productions. According to Saxena (2014), organizations leaders that accommodate diverse cultures in the workplaces incorporate diverse skills and foster a learning environment that improves employees creativity. Improving the organization's products and services will cement the institution market position and improve financial performances. Additionally, effectively managed cultural diversity will enhance employees productivity and overall organizational performance. Employers who practice equal treatment at workplaces regardless of the cultural background create a cordial relatio nship among employees and motivate them to give their best (Magoshi Chang, 2009). Modern leaders who practice transformational leadership will respect every staff irrespective of cultural origin and mind about their well-being, hence, improves their morale to work. The recognition and equal treatment will enhance teamwork in organizations; improve decisions on assigned duties and, future improved team performance. Organizations will earn a reputation of best employers and attract top talents in the industry which boosts performance. Business organizations that are recognized to be fair and treat the workers with respect irrespective the origin become a dear to the job seekers. An organizational reputation plays a vital role in workers recruitment and retention (Mazur, 2010). Modern leaders who practice ethical leadership will demonstrate value for others, honest and foster personal morals in the organization that will serve the organization's best interest. Working for cultural equality at the workplace will promote the organization reputation and, hence, overall business success. Furthermore, organizations leaders who understand and effectively manage cultural diversity will avoid legal suits that emanate from violation of labor laws and, protect the reputation of the institution. According to Roberson Park (2007), organizational reputational damage affects public perception of the organizat ion which affects the institutional finances. Organizations that are locked in court battles over allegations of racial and cultural discrimination attract public attention that affects the groups running and, gain a negative perception from the customers that ruin the organization performance. Leaders should strive to understand the various cultures and the best conducts towards the members to boost their reputation in the industry and attract the best human resources and make more revenues. Modern day organizations leaders will retain their skilled employees and, avoid financial losses that emanate from absenteeism and high turnover. A leader who understands the different cultures in the organization will create a correlating environment for the culturally diverse workforce and foster appreciation for each other. Ely Thomas (2001) point out that a workplace that is encouraging, respectful and accommodative of the diversity increases job satisfaction and staff retention. Being contented at work improves employee loyalty and the need to be associated with the organizations and, this enables companies to retain their skills necessary for effective business service delivery. Moreover, it reduces absenteeism and, does not affect the institution productions. Satisfied employees are ever motivated to be in the workplace and strive to give their best. Additionally, leaders will ensure their organizations grow to substantial yearly profits as they evade the cost of loss of skil ls. Dissatisfaction at work results into employees turnover and affects team productivity (Chua, 2013). When employers lose their talented and skilled workers, it will translate to financial loss. Investing in employees through training and development is expensive and, thus, organizations that are unable to create an accommodative environment to every culture will suffer revenue reduction. Todays Organizations leaders with cultural diversity knowledge will enhance organizations team problem-solving and sound decision-making capabilities. Employees from diverse cultural backgrounds have different experiences that contribute to the effective search for solutions. According to Lauring (2009), broad and varied perspectives allow the team to come up with the best solutions. A current leader who embraces transformational leadership will be able to create an informed discussion among the employees and, get different views on an issue that will help him settle for the best. Moreover, leaders who understand diversity will foster an organization culture that tolerates diversity and one that people can co-exist without the impacts of cultural barriers. Hence, leaders who effectively manage cultural diversity will allow teams to deliberate on issues and settle on the best decision. A diverse workforce has the abilities to make the best organizational decisions (Australian Human Ri ghts Commission, 2016). Different cultural members will bring in a variety of ways of thinking and, enhance the deliberations for a practical decision on an issue of significance to the organization. The different skills and competencies will be shared across the board and, this will grow the staffs capabilities to handle business challenges and improve their decision-making abilities. Moreover, organizational leaders with cultural diversity knowledge will curb fights and misunderstandings among the staffs. Transformational leaders can transfer their knowledge to the followers and stimulate them to act ethically. Hence, transformational leaders with cultural diversity know-how will instill the knowledge to all workers and grow the organization's productions through effective decision-making and problem solving. Current organizations leaders will capture broad and diverse markets for their products and services and, improves customer service satisfaction. Companies that are aware of the different cultures of their clients will enhance their services to relate to the various cultural background preferences. A clear understanding of the diverse groups of customer needs will improve customer attendance (Sizoo, Plank, Iskat Serrie, 2005). Leaders with different cultural knowledge will be able to design different marketing strategies that capture the various cultural customers base. Leaders who are open to learning will be able to distinguish what strategies could appeal effectively to various groups and guides his team in choosing the best. Hence, leaders with diverse cultural knowledge will improve the organization's markets through designing specific products targeting specific culture members and employing right marketing channel. Furthermore, organizations will achieve a happy customer base as a result of cultural sensitive customer care attendants. Different aspects of culture impact on how people communicate and relate and, organizations that embrace cultural diversity will have members of diverse communities that can handle customers from the same background. A happy diverse customer base improves organizations value and enhances business success (Ang et al., 2007). Thus, leaders who understand cultural diversity will be able to institutionalize culture sensitive customer service policies and teach the staffs on the best way to handle different clients and, achieve organizational growth. Current leaders should develop cultural diversity reports and diversity needs assessment in their organizations. Establishing the data on cultural representative and noting down the benefits an organization can get by employing people from different cultures will arouse the urge to embrace diversity. Measuring cultural diversity will indicate the magnitude and the urgency of the issue and prompt the organizations to act accordingly (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). Understanding the layout of the workforce cultural demographics will unearth if the organizations are facing cultural diversity problems and establish factors that limit hinders effective implementation. Alvesson Sveningsson (2015) note that conducting needs assessment will uncover the organizational culture on the issue of cultural diversity and what can be changed. The organizations will establish workers views on the issue and the best strategies to achieve it. Hence, determining the group's position in cultu ral representation will outline the need and the urgency to implement diversity. Organizations leaders should be fully committed to implement diversity while the organizations hold them accountable for supporting cultural diversity. Leaders should embrace the values of cultural equality and cultivate a cultural tolerant work environment. According to Australian Human Rights Commission (2016), leaders who pursue cultural diversity as a personal value and as the morally right thing are successful in implementing it in organizations. Thus, leaders should have a dedicated personal initiative to make cultural diversity a success in organizations. Moreover, organizations senior leadership should task all the leaders with the mandatory duties of promoting cultural diversity in the organization. Tasking the managers towards a culturally diverse workforce increases commitment (U.S Department of Commerce, 2014). Hence, setting up managers appraisals on supporting and promoting diversity at work and, rewarding them will instill the urge to comply with the requirements to ge t the cash rewards or promotions. Organizations leaders should come up with diversity strategies that are linked to team performance. Having a business roadmap that recognizes cultural diversity as crucial for the achievements of the goals will ensure firms invest in the diversity. According to Jayne Dipboye (2004), tying organizations goals and cultural diversity strategies influences decision making that translates to positive diversity initiatives. The connection of performance and diversity will ensure employees appreciate the programs and be receptive of colleagues from different cultures and, promotes co-existence. Modern transformational leaders will influence, inspire and coach the employees the diversity strategies and create cultural appreciation. Moreover, organizations leaders can set up cultural diversity targets as with other goals that the institution must hit before the end of a specified period. Understanding diversity as a goal will prompt the organizations to come up with strategies to overcome th e challenges and, hence, attain the objectives. Business leaders must embark on team-building and professional development through training and mentorship to nature leaders from all cultures. Modern transformational leaders should motivate and train members of the different cultures to work as a unit and appreciate the diversity. Team-building enhance interpersonal knowledge on others unique origin and cultivate understanding and tolerance (Pieterse, Van Knippenberg Van Dierendonck, 2013). When members grow together in a group, they learn about each other and appreciate the different perspective on an issue and, value the importance of diversity. The understanding and appreciation of others creates a breeding ground for diversity and, eventually the organization will attain cultural diversity in the workforce. Moreover, organizations leaders can train and mentor people from different cultures to leadership in organizations. This will instill cultural diversity sensitive leadership at the firm and trickles down to other employees. A diverse leadership will strive to reproduce the variety in the institution (Homan Greer, 2013). Hence, the leaders will support diversity through equipping members of different cultures with leadership skills and opportunities. Organizations leaders should establish diversity implementation metrics and deal with discriminations at workplaces. Engaging in constant evaluation of diversity implementation plans will determine the success or the failures and, allow the designing of new strategies. Jayne Dipboye (2004) note that diversity evaluation metrics are useful in keeping tracks and help address the challenges of successful implementation. Thus, an organization will have sufficient information to make logical decisions on the diversity programs. Furthermore, leaders must brace themselves to deal accordingly with issues of discrimination revealed by the metrics. Bias can ruin the organization's leadership reputation and efforts to achieve diversity (Dipboye Colella, 2013). Hence, leaders must punish those who favors or discriminate by cultural origin. Therefore, todays leaders must understand cultural diversity to enhance their firms competitiveness in the industry and, have a satisfied workforce that is loyal to the organization. Leaders with cultural knowledge will attract talented employees and enhance productivity through creativity and innovation. The leaders will have a happy customer base and a huge diverse market as well as improve organization problem-solving and decision-making abilities. Moreover, the leaders should display personal values and commit to diversity and be responsible. Present-day leaders should assess their organization's cultural diversity needs while making diversity a key group strategy to efficient organization performance and, this will enable them to leverage cultural diversity in their institutions. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015). Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Ang, S. et al., (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and organization review, 3(3), 335-371. Australian Human Rights Commission. (2016, July). Leading for Change; A Blueprint for Cultural Diversity and Inclusive Leadership. Retrieved October 6, 2016, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/2016_AHRC%20Leading%20for%20change.pdf Chua, R. Y. (2013). The Costs of Ambient Cultural Disharmony: Indirect Intercultural Conflicts in Social Environment Undermine Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1545-1577. Dipboye, R. L., Colella, A. (2013). Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases. Psychology Press. Ely, R. J., Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative science quarterly, 46(2), 229-273. Homan, A. C., Greer, L. L. (2013). Considering Diversity: The Positive Effects of Considerate Leadership in Diverse Teams. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 16(1), 105-125. Jayne, M. E., Dipboye, R. L. (2004). Leveraging diversity to improve business performance: Research findings and recommendations for organizations. Human resource management, 43(4), 409-424. Lauring, J. (2009). Managing cultural diversity and the process of knowledge sharing: A case from Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 25(4), 385-394. Magoshi, E., Chang, E. (2009). Diversity management and the effects on employees organizational commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea. Journal of World Business, 44(1), 31-40. Mazur, B. (2010). Cultural diversity in organisational theory and practice. Journal of Intercultural Management, 2(2), 5-15. Pieterse, A. N., Van Knippenberg, D., Van Dierendonck, D. (2013). Cultural diversity and team performance: The role of team member goal orientation. Academy of Management Journal, 56(3), 782-804. Roberson, Q. M., Park, H. J. (2007). Examining the link between diversity and firm performance the effects of diversity reputation and leader racial diversity. Group Organization Management, 32(5), 548-568. Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce diversity: a key to improve productivity. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 76-85. Sizoo, S., Plank, R., Iskat, W., Serrie, H. (2005). The effect of intercultural sensitivity on employee performance in cross-cultural service encounters. Journal of Services Marketing, 19(4), 245-255. U.S Department of Commerce. (2014, October 13). Best Practices in Achieving Workforce Diversity. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/workforce-diversity.pdf

Board risk of committees and audit pricing - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: What are the responsibilities of the client management, company directors and auditors, in relation to internal controls? Explain the impact of the auditors understanding of internal controls on the audit strategy? Identify three internal control activities in Caromas sales and accounts receivable areas. For each control identified in (1) above, explain how the control prevents or detects material misstatements? Identify key assertions addressed by each controls have identified in (1) above. Identify three internal control weaknesses in the processing of transactions of Caromas sales and accounts receivable area. For each control weakness you have identified in (4) above, identify at least one account balance at risk of material misstatement. For each account balance at risk of material misstatement, identify key financial report assertion at risk. Answers: Answer 1 It is seen that the responsibility of the clients financial reporting control is seen to consider the control environment risk as per the assessment process, information system and control activities related to the audit process. This particular aspect is further seen to be related to the monitoring controls (Sun and Liu 2014). Answer 2 The auditor verifies the understanding of the overall risks of the process of the company for selecting and testing of the controls which will be able to adequately answer the risk of misstatement to each relevant assertion. Understanding of the flow of the transactions are depicted with relevant assertions. This is seen to include the transactions which are initiated, authorized, processed, and recorded appropriately. The understanding is further seen to be conducive for identifying the potential misstatements and the factors related to the unauthorized acquisition use of the assets of the company. The auditor needs to also understand the way IT affects the companys flow of the transactions (Boritz, Kochetova-Kozloski and Robinson 2015). Answer 3 The three internal controls in the Caroma sales activities and accounts receivable areas are seen with: Pre- numbering of the sales invoice and producing more copies only based on it. Use of the sales invoice to make an entry in the sales journal and update the same in accounts receivable subsidiary ledger is seen to be conducive in terms of accounts receivable section Use of the sales invoice to make an entry in the sales journal and updating the same in sales ledger. Two officers are selected to receive the payment of the customers, they are responsible for checking the electronic bank receipts and record the receipts in the prelist Sales return and allowances are processed after the authorisation of the financial controller. The designated officers are responsible to match the receipts in terms of the remittance advice and forwarding the same to the accounts receivable officer (Cao, Li and Zhang 2015). Answer 4 Pre- numbering of the sales invoice prevents any conflicts pertaining to future sales returns which may take place due to excess quantity shipped, Excess quantity ordered, Goods shipped too late or Wrong items shipped The preparation of the sales invoice has been able to ensure the maintaining appropriate records which will be conducive in preventing any future possibility of material misstatements Authorisation of the financial controller for the sales return and allowances are seen to be based on control measures which will be able to match the relevant items put forward for sales returns The updating the accounts receivable journal has been conducive to prevent any sort of material misstatement in the which may take place in the accounts receivable ledger Checking the electronic bank receipts and record the receipts in the prelist is seen to be able to provide the assistance regarding the cash in bank and other liquid assets Matching the receipts in terms of the remittance advice and forwarding the same to the accounts receivable officer is seen to be helpful for recording the appropriate remittance which are made in advance (Hines et al. 2015) Answer 5 The main assertions addressed with each control have been identified as follows: The necessary assertions need to be maintained as per making the necessary changes in the sales invoice Sales journal and sales ledger needs to be addressed for making use of the sales invoice The necessary adjustment for the sales return and allowances needs to be made in the sales account and sales return account Accounts receivable subsidiary ledger needs to be updated appropriately for using of the sales invoice to make an entry in the sales journal The electronic bank receipts and record the receipts in the prelist needs to be maintained in the cash flow statement Remittance advice and forwarding the same needs to be ensured in the accounts receivable (Gunin-Paracini, Malsch and Paill 2014) Answer 6 The three internal control weaknesses in the processing of transactions of Caromas sales and accounts receivable area are stated below as follows: Inappropriate sales prices, discounts and credits Sales being incorrectly recorded or not recorded Non-receiving of the payments (Rahmina and Agoes 2014) Answer 7 The account balance risk for sales prices, discounts and credits has been considered with range of discounts offered without the management approval In case the sales were manually entered, there may be several instances associated to prenumbering of the invoices The non-receiving of the payment is needed to ensure that the receivables are credited and corrected on the customers account receivable (Amir, Kallunki and Nilsson 2014) Answer 8 The key financial report assertion of the risk needs to be taken into consideration with appropriate discounts and credits which will be prevent any instance of further material misstatement The manual entry of the sales data need to ensure with maintaining an appropriate Accounting Information System, this will be able to ensure proper numbering of the invoices The non-receiving of payment needs to be maintained by issuing a continuous reporting method which will be able to prevent any delay in the customers account receivable account (van Buuren et al. 2014) Reference Amir, E., Kallunki, J. P. and Nilsson, H. (2014) The association between individual audit partners risk preferences and the composition of their client portfolios, Review of Accounting Studies, 19(1), pp. 103133. doi: 10.1007/s11142-013-9245-8. Boritz, J. E., Kochetova-Kozloski, N. and Robinson, L. (2015) Are fraud specialists relatively more effective than auditors at modifying audit programs in the presence of fraud risk?, in Accounting Review, pp. 881915. doi: 10.2308/accr-50911. van Buuren, J., Koch, C., Amerongen, N. van N. and Wright, A. M. (2014) The use of business risk audit perspectives by non-big 4 audit firms, Auditing, 33(3), pp. 105128. doi: 10.2308/ajpt-50760. Cao, L., Li, W. and Zhang, L. (2015) Audit mode change, corporate governance and audit effort, China Journal of Accounting Research, 8(4), pp. 315335. doi: 10.1016/j.cjar.2015.05.002. Gunin-Paracini, H., Malsch, B. and Paill, A. M. (2014) Fear and risk in the audit process, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39(4), pp. 264288. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2014.02.001. Hines, C. S., Masli, A., Mauldin, E. G. and Peters, G. F. (2015) Board risk committees and audit pricing, Auditing, 34(4), pp. 5984. doi: 10.2308/ajpt-51035. Rahmina, L. Y. and Agoes, S. (2014) Influence of Auditor Independence, Audit Tenure, and Audit Fee on Audit Quality of Members of Capital Market Accountant Forum in Indonesia, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, pp. 324331. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.083. Sun, J. and Liu, G. (2014) Audit committees oversight of bank risk-taking, Journal of Banking and Finance, 40(1), pp. 376387. doi: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.015.