The Human Population Essay - 689 Words

The Human Population By some, the human population is viewed as an environmental problem. There are also those who do not view it as a problem. In my opinion the human population is not yet, but is soon becoming a large problem. This is because very soon we will run out of room and resources for the amount of people who will be living on this planet. Because the world’s population is increasing at a rate between one and two percent, we expect it to double within the next 35 to 70 years. At this rate it will be impossible to support every living being on earth. In fact, many people starve to death each day. Although this happens in America, this starvation most often occurs in third world countries. This is because these countries are†¦show more content†¦Even selecting the people I though should be killed would be impossible for me. I believe many people would also have this problem. Even if some one could be found who was comfortable selecting and killing people, who is to say that this person is correct. I don’t believe that any human has the right to decide who should die in a situation like this. Well then, how should we go about solving this problem? Are acts of Mother Nature such as AIDS, earthquakes, etc. our world’s way of dealing with this problem? Is this not natural selection? Although the starvation of these third world peoples is a horrible thing, I believe that changing it is not necessarily the answer. We now know that we need to do something about the rapid growth of our population. Are the growth and death rates, the poverty and starvation in the countries, our earth’s way of doing that? Or even if it is not, is it not an answer? Do we really need to worry about the conditions in these countries? We need to slow down he growth of the population and that is exactly what is happening. Although it sounds like a horrible thing to say, the world is in danger and needs help. The world however is doing fine right now. It is within the next 70 years that we will begin to see and feel the actual consequences of having a population too large for the earth to support. In my opinion it is a very good idea to start working on this problem now, because when it becomes a reality, it may be tooShow MoreRelatedHuman Race And Human Population1443 Words   |  6 PagesModern humans began to develop nearly 200 000 years ago and ever since then populations of homosapiens have spread across the entire world. Almost every environment we as humans have come across has in time had to change to try and meet the needs of all the species that populate the earth together with the enormously increased human population. Sadly the human population covers over 80% of the earth’s surface with various activities constantly upsetting the natural habitat of species. The human raceRead MoreHuman Population And Its Effects On The Worlds Population1108 Words   |  5 Pages Over the past 50 years the human population has grown exponentially, and as the world’s population continues to increase. A Lot of research has been done by climatologists around the world directly linking the effects of population growth to increased CO2 emissions. I will provide data behind the negative externalities linked with these increased CO2 emissions and how they are linked to overpopulation. Even though it’s a well known fact that the U.S is one of the largest contributors of CO2 emissionsRead MoreHuman Population Growth916 Words   |  4 Pageswas â€Å"Growth is good.† There was no worry about the lives being harmed or how large our impact was, or even of the future repercussions our actions might have. However, this once-carefree opinion has twisted and mutated and created a monster: human population growth. It’s big. It’s fast. And there’s almost no way to stop it, with our current rate of increase. The consequences of our forefather’s actions, carried out so long ago and not given so much as a backwards glance, are now coming back toRead MoreThe Representation Of Human Population1498 Words   |  6 PagesMovie directors predicting humanity coming to an end because of population density may not be as preposterous as society thought. Population is defined as the amount of same species sustaining in a certain region, fo r humans that would be Earth. The graphical representation of human population increase from the beginning of history was a slightly inclined horizontal line, however that all changed after the industrial revolution (more industry, jobs, sustainability, etc.) and from that moment on toRead MoreThe Population Of Humans On Earth1468 Words   |  6 PagesPopulation Throughout most of human history, the population of humans on earth has been kept in check by environmental factors. With humans relying completely on the resources near to them, if a population began to grow too large it would be held back by a need for resources such as food and water. Once a civilisation grew large enough to have the food produced outside of larger cities and sold to the people in the cities, Diseases were the main factor holding population in check. However in theRead MoreThe Human Population Essay659 Words   |  3 Pageslevel (Wright 2005). Population growth occurs when the births out number the deaths. At this population momentum, even after the total fertility rate is reduced to the replacement level, enormous growth is in store for developing countries (Wright 2005). In developed countries like the United States, it is seemly different in that a developed population profile will increase and decrease accordingly (Wright 2005). This is due to demographic changes in comparison. As populations become larger andRead MoreHuman Population Growth458 Words   |  2 PagesHuman population growth is becoming a huge issue in our world today. The population is increasing rapidly. The reason that it is becoming a concern is because it has affected the economic, environmental, and social aspects of our world. In the film Frontline: Heat, we can see how there might not be a future for our planet unless we are able to reduce the emissions and make our world a safe place. Not only for the present but also for future generations so that they are able to live long and healthyRead MoreThe Diversity Of Human Population2190 Words   |  9 PagesThe diversity of human population increases every day. With freedom, people have the will to express themselves in d ifferent aspects of a region, beliefs, or sexual orientation. Most recently, there has been an increase in cases of gay people in America, and the world over. Debate rages whether being gay is caused by hormones, genes, social and environmental factors or a combination of all these factors. Regardless of the cause, the general population is gradually accepting the gay community in theRead MorePopulation Control And Its Effect On The Growth Of A Human Population1126 Words   |  5 PagesPopulation control refers to the practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, this has been made possible by limiting the birth rate, usually by government mandate. It-) has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, environmental concerns, religious reasons, and overpopulation. The idea that population control is needed to be implemented in society dates back to 1798, when Thomas Malthus suggested it in hisRea d MoreThe Growth Of The Human Population1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe indefinite growth of the human population, has monumental impacts on the natural environment, not only in the UK, but around the globe. Architecturally, the entire process of designing and constructing a building, both domestic and not, can lead to the rapid exhaustion of natural resources across the planet. Building with environmental design strategies in mind not only combats the impact we as humans have on the natural environment, but also has considerable economic benefits, due to lower running

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and...

The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde It has long been debated that there are two sides to the human mind. Many philosophers have stressed on the fact that human beings are dual creatures’. There is the duality of good and evil, right and wrong, joy and despair. There always is the desire to do something which is against the society, against the laws, although this varies from person to person. Robert Stevenson brings the possibility of another self in one person to life in his creation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His novel is a rich tale of the duality of mankind. We all have a split personality in a sense, we have two sides to us: right and wrong. There is a Mr. Hyde in all of us: anger,†¦show more content†¦He was a typical Victorian gentleman and is described as a ‘smooth-faced’ and ‘well made man’. He wanted good reputation and was regarded by everyone as a true gentleman. But deep inside him, he had the desire to do what he wanted, to go against the rigid rules of the society. Jekyll wanted to fulfil his desires but at the same time he wanted freedom from punishment; freedom from a tainted reputation. The wish to fulfil his secret desires without losing his status and reputation was his ultimate goal. Thus Jekyll ended up creating Hyde, which was another identity of his own and he achieved this with the help of the ‘transforming draught’. Jekyll is a mixture of good and evil but Hyde is pure evil. Everyone Hyde meets is repulsed by his appearance. The physical description of both is very contradictory as well. While Jekyll was a ‘large, well-made’ and a ‘smooth-faced’ man, Hyde was ‘dwarfish’ and ‘hardly human’. In the beginning, Hyde is shown to be small in stature but as time passes, Hyde increases in size as the evil in Jekyll overcomes the good. The two of them had more of a father/son relationship. Jekyll had known all along that by his experimenting, he was putting his life in danger and ‘risked death’. But at the same time, he was also excited by his discovery, which made him enjoy life to the fullest without the burden of responsibilities. ‘The temptation of a discovery so singular and profound at last overcame theShow MoreRelatedStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 PagesThis may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man can be found in the works of two famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the them e of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughoutRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. In the late-Victorian literature, duality appears to be a common theme; serving as a way for modern readers to analyze late-Victorian literature and culture. Stevenson weaves throughout the novel a theme of duality + which appears in the characters of both Jekyll and Hyde as wellRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Duality Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature, duality is anything that has two sides, mostly dealing with good and evil. Duality plays an important role in showing who the char acters are and how the story occurs in many different books. Books in which duality plays a prominent role include Dr. Jekyll and Mrs.Hyde, Romeo and Juliet, and the Bible. Duality exists throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The things characters say, the characters, and actions of the characters are ways duality exists in the play. For example,Read MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 680 Words   |  3 Pagesdevice of personification is found in both The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Heart of Darkness. This literary device is shown to further demonstrate the theme, the duality in human nature. Personification is defined as the ascription of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of a theoretical quality in human form. Stevenson uses personification to figuratively make London come alive. Mr. Utterson comments on the scenery by saying: â€Å"theRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pages Nia Givens The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde Christianity was very important in Victorian London. The concept of the duality of good and evil that was taught in the story of the Garden of Eden was widely used in Victorian literature. â€Å"Duality, humorously and simply stated, is the split of one into two, while still existing as one.† (Lopez). Duality is a theme found throughout Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde’. Most of the story is related in the thirdRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Where Dr. Jekyll 1163 Words   |  5 Pages(Aronson 2) Being from Edinburgh, Stevenson was surrounded with the well-known tales of the past and a history of duality in his hometown. Deacon Brodie and Dr. Knox were both from Edinburgh and both lived â€Å"double-lives†, this undoubtedly had a major impact upon Stevenson’s imagination and later his writings. (Stefan 5) â€Å"While growing up Stevenson had a friend and the son of Sir James Simpson, the developer of medical anesthesia, the two friends would â€Å"experiment† with chloroform, for the enjoymentRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 949 Words   |  4 PagesConrad also employs the literary device of symbolism to further display the theme, the duality of human nature in his novella Heart of Darkness. Three major examples of symbolism are evident in this novella. These examples include, light and dark, the Congo River, and ivory. Similar to Stevenson, Conrad uses light and dark symbolism throughout his novella. Yet curiously in Heart of Darkness, light does not symbolize genuine goodness nor does dark symbolize pure calamity. Marlow proves this when heRead MoreEssay on The Out of Control Alter Ego1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe story â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson conveys the theme of duality in nature in wh ich man is fighting himself, or in this case, another version of himself. Being a psychology major, it is interesting to see a case this serious over how an alter ego can control the main psyche up to the point where it no longer conveys influence, but instead manipulation. In order to understand the control an alter ego can eventually have on the individual, it is importantRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreInfluence of Science and Religion on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde689 Words   |  3 PagesThe novella, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886. The author was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850. His family included engineers, scientists, a professor of philosophy, and a religious minister. The scientific and religious sides of Stevensons family reflected in both his personal life and in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (disap proval between Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll). In 1859 Charles Darwin published his famous book called the ‘Origin of Species’

Video Games And Its Effects - 947 Words

A few months ago, my son asked for a tablet which we bought it for his birthday. It was a good idea back then, since he never had one before and it was his birthday. My only thought was to make my son happy in rewards of his good work at school, but later it become a problem. I was scared of seeing my son playing video games! I started noticing that he was acting different. And many times he wanted to be playing these video games while we were eating or visiting relatives. This situation was very uncomfortable for me. After a few months he was spending more time playing the same games over and over. Eventually, it was normal for him to get back from school and go directly to his room to play video games. My son was putting aside the illusion of having a new bike and have gone to the video games. It is true that video games can become a form of training for the mind or reward for doing good, but excessive use can lead to serious problems.† Qiu Zhu Chengwei was stabbed to death b ecause Caoyuan sold Chenwei virtual sword in the game Legend of Mir 3. Caoyuan offered to pay the sword Chenwei , but he refused and stabbed him while he was sleeping. This is only one case of what children addicted to video games can cause. There are many more cases like this all over the world. It seems like an electronic chip is already fully installed on the new generations and that makes children more able than adults to handle new technologies. Referring to the players, as a case ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On The Video Game Industry Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthe network effects in the video game industry? The network effects in the video game industry are derived from the console system that is sold to consumers. If a company is able to increase penetration in this arena, though at-cost/ below-cost pricing or pull created through the development of desirable content, it can potentially lock in the added value of the video games sold for the system. Which is to say, the console locks-in the network effects in the industry and the games serve to reapRead MoreVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects872 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Games 2 Everyone has their outlet, whether it’s reading, working out, or just hanging out with a friend for a bit; life is crazy and having a way to let out stress is a healthy way of living. Although this is true, one outlet of stress that is becoming larger and larger throughout the years is video games. It was an obvious theme throughout Ready Player One that the world they were living in was so corrupt, that an alternate world was a better option to live in than reality. The world weRead MoreThe Effect Of Video Games992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Video Games â€Å"In 1972, the Surgeon General issued the following warning on violent TV programs: â€Å"It is clear to me that the causal relationship between televised violence and antisocial behavior is sufficient to warrant appropriate and immediate remedial action. †¦ There comes a time when the data are sufficient to justify action. That time has come.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Steinfeld, 1972). In the decades since hundreds of studies have been done on the effects of violent media exposure and violence. Read MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1489 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have drastically altered since the 1980s, they are now more visual, alongside technological advancements, they have become more immersive, so immersive that video games have become an obsession—in fact a deadly obsession. On a Wednesday night in early February 2012, Chen Rong- Yu †a binge gamer,† was found dead â€Å"in the chair from which he’d been engaged in a marathon gaming session.â €  What makes this case extreme is that he was slumped in his chair with both arms stiffened in a postureRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo games have some adverse effects, but they are also valuable learning tools. Research about the role of video games as instruments of higher education is inadequate. The data is also limited by the lack of long-term studies and inconsistent findings. Anyone that has not participated in the activity of playing video games may look down on those that do, because it is not seen generally as a productive use of one’s own time. If playing video games were to be compared to other activities that areRead MoreVideo Game : The Positive Effects Of Video Games716 Words   |  3 Pageschildhood, I have always enjoyed video games, though I am not proud of this statement. During elementary school I would finish my homework straight when I get home, then continue to play video games. It’s not that I was addict ed to gaming, but I really felt that there was nothing else I would want to do. One might argue that I could have gone outside or made art, but I had nobody to go outside with, or make art with, so the easy activity to do was to sit and play video games. I was still active in soccerRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1790 Words   |  8 PagesVideo games are a basis of entertainment for numerous people worldwide, and its users have been growing continuously over the years. It is a source of digital entertainment which does not generate violent crimes and behaviour. Today, in the United States 91% of adolescents between the years of 2 and 17 are video game users(NPD Group,2011). A national illustrative study of U.S. adolescents established that about 99% of boys and 94% of girls are video game users (Lenhart et al., 2008). Vast majorityRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects2390 Words   |  10 Pages Are video games actually as evil as many make them out to be? Some recent studies sh ow that this may not be the case. Video games are a somewhat recently developed technology that was created sometime around the 1950s and over time, games have become more and more sophisticated, leading to new genres and purposes. In recent years, there have been major advances in not only how video games are played, but also how popular they have come in our culture, becoming a part of almost every young adultRead MoreVideo Games Effects1616 Words   |  7 Pagesmale, people have blamed video games. They say that video games make people violent. But that isn’t true. Video games may make people violent while playing them, but that violence never leads any further than yelling at the television screen. Video games should not be put down. In fact, video games help people better their motor skills, the military uses video games for training exercises, and a lot of people use video games to relieve stress. A lot of people view video games as being bad and say that

Leading for Change Enabled Business Organizations

Question: Describe about the Leading for Change for Enabled Business Organizations. Answer: Over the years, the world has experienced a high number of people moving from one country to the other. The rise in globalization and, enhanced migration policies between governments has drove people to move across the globe in search of labor. The advancement in technology and the favorable global business environment has enabled Business organizations to set up branches in different countries and, acquire human resources from various cultural backgrounds. Hence, the current century is forcing leaders to embrace a culturally diverse workforce. However, one culture has an entirely different and preferable way of doing things from the other and today's organizational leadership must be cognizant of the cultural differences to manage effectively. Thus, the paper will address why it is crucial for leaders to understand cultural diversity and, how to influence and support it in modern day organizations. Comprehending the various cultures at the workplaces will enable the current leaders to enhance the organization's competitiveness and improve performance through creativity and innovation. An organization differentiates itself in the industry through exemplary services and unique products and, having people with different knowledge and skills on board boost the capability of coming up with new and improved productions. According to Saxena (2014), organizations leaders that accommodate diverse cultures in the workplaces incorporate diverse skills and foster a learning environment that improves employees creativity. Improving the organization's products and services will cement the institution market position and improve financial performances. Additionally, effectively managed cultural diversity will enhance employees productivity and overall organizational performance. Employers who practice equal treatment at workplaces regardless of the cultural background create a cordial relatio nship among employees and motivate them to give their best (Magoshi Chang, 2009). Modern leaders who practice transformational leadership will respect every staff irrespective of cultural origin and mind about their well-being, hence, improves their morale to work. The recognition and equal treatment will enhance teamwork in organizations; improve decisions on assigned duties and, future improved team performance. Organizations will earn a reputation of best employers and attract top talents in the industry which boosts performance. Business organizations that are recognized to be fair and treat the workers with respect irrespective the origin become a dear to the job seekers. An organizational reputation plays a vital role in workers recruitment and retention (Mazur, 2010). Modern leaders who practice ethical leadership will demonstrate value for others, honest and foster personal morals in the organization that will serve the organization's best interest. Working for cultural equality at the workplace will promote the organization reputation and, hence, overall business success. Furthermore, organizations leaders who understand and effectively manage cultural diversity will avoid legal suits that emanate from violation of labor laws and, protect the reputation of the institution. According to Roberson Park (2007), organizational reputational damage affects public perception of the organizat ion which affects the institutional finances. Organizations that are locked in court battles over allegations of racial and cultural discrimination attract public attention that affects the groups running and, gain a negative perception from the customers that ruin the organization performance. Leaders should strive to understand the various cultures and the best conducts towards the members to boost their reputation in the industry and attract the best human resources and make more revenues. Modern day organizations leaders will retain their skilled employees and, avoid financial losses that emanate from absenteeism and high turnover. A leader who understands the different cultures in the organization will create a correlating environment for the culturally diverse workforce and foster appreciation for each other. Ely Thomas (2001) point out that a workplace that is encouraging, respectful and accommodative of the diversity increases job satisfaction and staff retention. Being contented at work improves employee loyalty and the need to be associated with the organizations and, this enables companies to retain their skills necessary for effective business service delivery. Moreover, it reduces absenteeism and, does not affect the institution productions. Satisfied employees are ever motivated to be in the workplace and strive to give their best. Additionally, leaders will ensure their organizations grow to substantial yearly profits as they evade the cost of loss of skil ls. Dissatisfaction at work results into employees turnover and affects team productivity (Chua, 2013). When employers lose their talented and skilled workers, it will translate to financial loss. Investing in employees through training and development is expensive and, thus, organizations that are unable to create an accommodative environment to every culture will suffer revenue reduction. Todays Organizations leaders with cultural diversity knowledge will enhance organizations team problem-solving and sound decision-making capabilities. Employees from diverse cultural backgrounds have different experiences that contribute to the effective search for solutions. According to Lauring (2009), broad and varied perspectives allow the team to come up with the best solutions. A current leader who embraces transformational leadership will be able to create an informed discussion among the employees and, get different views on an issue that will help him settle for the best. Moreover, leaders who understand diversity will foster an organization culture that tolerates diversity and one that people can co-exist without the impacts of cultural barriers. Hence, leaders who effectively manage cultural diversity will allow teams to deliberate on issues and settle on the best decision. A diverse workforce has the abilities to make the best organizational decisions (Australian Human Ri ghts Commission, 2016). Different cultural members will bring in a variety of ways of thinking and, enhance the deliberations for a practical decision on an issue of significance to the organization. The different skills and competencies will be shared across the board and, this will grow the staffs capabilities to handle business challenges and improve their decision-making abilities. Moreover, organizational leaders with cultural diversity knowledge will curb fights and misunderstandings among the staffs. Transformational leaders can transfer their knowledge to the followers and stimulate them to act ethically. Hence, transformational leaders with cultural diversity know-how will instill the knowledge to all workers and grow the organization's productions through effective decision-making and problem solving. Current organizations leaders will capture broad and diverse markets for their products and services and, improves customer service satisfaction. Companies that are aware of the different cultures of their clients will enhance their services to relate to the various cultural background preferences. A clear understanding of the diverse groups of customer needs will improve customer attendance (Sizoo, Plank, Iskat Serrie, 2005). Leaders with different cultural knowledge will be able to design different marketing strategies that capture the various cultural customers base. Leaders who are open to learning will be able to distinguish what strategies could appeal effectively to various groups and guides his team in choosing the best. Hence, leaders with diverse cultural knowledge will improve the organization's markets through designing specific products targeting specific culture members and employing right marketing channel. Furthermore, organizations will achieve a happy customer base as a result of cultural sensitive customer care attendants. Different aspects of culture impact on how people communicate and relate and, organizations that embrace cultural diversity will have members of diverse communities that can handle customers from the same background. A happy diverse customer base improves organizations value and enhances business success (Ang et al., 2007). Thus, leaders who understand cultural diversity will be able to institutionalize culture sensitive customer service policies and teach the staffs on the best way to handle different clients and, achieve organizational growth. Current leaders should develop cultural diversity reports and diversity needs assessment in their organizations. Establishing the data on cultural representative and noting down the benefits an organization can get by employing people from different cultures will arouse the urge to embrace diversity. Measuring cultural diversity will indicate the magnitude and the urgency of the issue and prompt the organizations to act accordingly (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). Understanding the layout of the workforce cultural demographics will unearth if the organizations are facing cultural diversity problems and establish factors that limit hinders effective implementation. Alvesson Sveningsson (2015) note that conducting needs assessment will uncover the organizational culture on the issue of cultural diversity and what can be changed. The organizations will establish workers views on the issue and the best strategies to achieve it. Hence, determining the group's position in cultu ral representation will outline the need and the urgency to implement diversity. Organizations leaders should be fully committed to implement diversity while the organizations hold them accountable for supporting cultural diversity. Leaders should embrace the values of cultural equality and cultivate a cultural tolerant work environment. According to Australian Human Rights Commission (2016), leaders who pursue cultural diversity as a personal value and as the morally right thing are successful in implementing it in organizations. Thus, leaders should have a dedicated personal initiative to make cultural diversity a success in organizations. Moreover, organizations senior leadership should task all the leaders with the mandatory duties of promoting cultural diversity in the organization. Tasking the managers towards a culturally diverse workforce increases commitment (U.S Department of Commerce, 2014). Hence, setting up managers appraisals on supporting and promoting diversity at work and, rewarding them will instill the urge to comply with the requirements to ge t the cash rewards or promotions. Organizations leaders should come up with diversity strategies that are linked to team performance. Having a business roadmap that recognizes cultural diversity as crucial for the achievements of the goals will ensure firms invest in the diversity. According to Jayne Dipboye (2004), tying organizations goals and cultural diversity strategies influences decision making that translates to positive diversity initiatives. The connection of performance and diversity will ensure employees appreciate the programs and be receptive of colleagues from different cultures and, promotes co-existence. Modern transformational leaders will influence, inspire and coach the employees the diversity strategies and create cultural appreciation. Moreover, organizations leaders can set up cultural diversity targets as with other goals that the institution must hit before the end of a specified period. Understanding diversity as a goal will prompt the organizations to come up with strategies to overcome th e challenges and, hence, attain the objectives. Business leaders must embark on team-building and professional development through training and mentorship to nature leaders from all cultures. Modern transformational leaders should motivate and train members of the different cultures to work as a unit and appreciate the diversity. Team-building enhance interpersonal knowledge on others unique origin and cultivate understanding and tolerance (Pieterse, Van Knippenberg Van Dierendonck, 2013). When members grow together in a group, they learn about each other and appreciate the different perspective on an issue and, value the importance of diversity. The understanding and appreciation of others creates a breeding ground for diversity and, eventually the organization will attain cultural diversity in the workforce. Moreover, organizations leaders can train and mentor people from different cultures to leadership in organizations. This will instill cultural diversity sensitive leadership at the firm and trickles down to other employees. A diverse leadership will strive to reproduce the variety in the institution (Homan Greer, 2013). Hence, the leaders will support diversity through equipping members of different cultures with leadership skills and opportunities. Organizations leaders should establish diversity implementation metrics and deal with discriminations at workplaces. Engaging in constant evaluation of diversity implementation plans will determine the success or the failures and, allow the designing of new strategies. Jayne Dipboye (2004) note that diversity evaluation metrics are useful in keeping tracks and help address the challenges of successful implementation. Thus, an organization will have sufficient information to make logical decisions on the diversity programs. Furthermore, leaders must brace themselves to deal accordingly with issues of discrimination revealed by the metrics. Bias can ruin the organization's leadership reputation and efforts to achieve diversity (Dipboye Colella, 2013). Hence, leaders must punish those who favors or discriminate by cultural origin. Therefore, todays leaders must understand cultural diversity to enhance their firms competitiveness in the industry and, have a satisfied workforce that is loyal to the organization. Leaders with cultural knowledge will attract talented employees and enhance productivity through creativity and innovation. The leaders will have a happy customer base and a huge diverse market as well as improve organization problem-solving and decision-making abilities. Moreover, the leaders should display personal values and commit to diversity and be responsible. Present-day leaders should assess their organization's cultural diversity needs while making diversity a key group strategy to efficient organization performance and, this will enable them to leverage cultural diversity in their institutions. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015). Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Ang, S. et al., (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and organization review, 3(3), 335-371. Australian Human Rights Commission. (2016, July). Leading for Change; A Blueprint for Cultural Diversity and Inclusive Leadership. Retrieved October 6, 2016, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/2016_AHRC%20Leading%20for%20change.pdf Chua, R. Y. (2013). The Costs of Ambient Cultural Disharmony: Indirect Intercultural Conflicts in Social Environment Undermine Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1545-1577. Dipboye, R. L., Colella, A. (2013). Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases. Psychology Press. Ely, R. J., Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative science quarterly, 46(2), 229-273. Homan, A. C., Greer, L. L. (2013). Considering Diversity: The Positive Effects of Considerate Leadership in Diverse Teams. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 16(1), 105-125. Jayne, M. E., Dipboye, R. L. (2004). Leveraging diversity to improve business performance: Research findings and recommendations for organizations. Human resource management, 43(4), 409-424. Lauring, J. (2009). Managing cultural diversity and the process of knowledge sharing: A case from Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 25(4), 385-394. Magoshi, E., Chang, E. (2009). Diversity management and the effects on employees organizational commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea. Journal of World Business, 44(1), 31-40. Mazur, B. (2010). Cultural diversity in organisational theory and practice. Journal of Intercultural Management, 2(2), 5-15. Pieterse, A. N., Van Knippenberg, D., Van Dierendonck, D. (2013). Cultural diversity and team performance: The role of team member goal orientation. Academy of Management Journal, 56(3), 782-804. Roberson, Q. M., Park, H. J. (2007). Examining the link between diversity and firm performance the effects of diversity reputation and leader racial diversity. Group Organization Management, 32(5), 548-568. Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce diversity: a key to improve productivity. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 76-85. Sizoo, S., Plank, R., Iskat, W., Serrie, H. (2005). The effect of intercultural sensitivity on employee performance in cross-cultural service encounters. Journal of Services Marketing, 19(4), 245-255. U.S Department of Commerce. (2014, October 13). Best Practices in Achieving Workforce Diversity. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/workforce-diversity.pdf

Board risk of committees and audit pricing - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: What are the responsibilities of the client management, company directors and auditors, in relation to internal controls? Explain the impact of the auditors understanding of internal controls on the audit strategy? Identify three internal control activities in Caromas sales and accounts receivable areas. For each control identified in (1) above, explain how the control prevents or detects material misstatements? Identify key assertions addressed by each controls have identified in (1) above. Identify three internal control weaknesses in the processing of transactions of Caromas sales and accounts receivable area. For each control weakness you have identified in (4) above, identify at least one account balance at risk of material misstatement. For each account balance at risk of material misstatement, identify key financial report assertion at risk. Answers: Answer 1 It is seen that the responsibility of the clients financial reporting control is seen to consider the control environment risk as per the assessment process, information system and control activities related to the audit process. This particular aspect is further seen to be related to the monitoring controls (Sun and Liu 2014). Answer 2 The auditor verifies the understanding of the overall risks of the process of the company for selecting and testing of the controls which will be able to adequately answer the risk of misstatement to each relevant assertion. Understanding of the flow of the transactions are depicted with relevant assertions. This is seen to include the transactions which are initiated, authorized, processed, and recorded appropriately. The understanding is further seen to be conducive for identifying the potential misstatements and the factors related to the unauthorized acquisition use of the assets of the company. The auditor needs to also understand the way IT affects the companys flow of the transactions (Boritz, Kochetova-Kozloski and Robinson 2015). Answer 3 The three internal controls in the Caroma sales activities and accounts receivable areas are seen with: Pre- numbering of the sales invoice and producing more copies only based on it. Use of the sales invoice to make an entry in the sales journal and update the same in accounts receivable subsidiary ledger is seen to be conducive in terms of accounts receivable section Use of the sales invoice to make an entry in the sales journal and updating the same in sales ledger. Two officers are selected to receive the payment of the customers, they are responsible for checking the electronic bank receipts and record the receipts in the prelist Sales return and allowances are processed after the authorisation of the financial controller. The designated officers are responsible to match the receipts in terms of the remittance advice and forwarding the same to the accounts receivable officer (Cao, Li and Zhang 2015). Answer 4 Pre- numbering of the sales invoice prevents any conflicts pertaining to future sales returns which may take place due to excess quantity shipped, Excess quantity ordered, Goods shipped too late or Wrong items shipped The preparation of the sales invoice has been able to ensure the maintaining appropriate records which will be conducive in preventing any future possibility of material misstatements Authorisation of the financial controller for the sales return and allowances are seen to be based on control measures which will be able to match the relevant items put forward for sales returns The updating the accounts receivable journal has been conducive to prevent any sort of material misstatement in the which may take place in the accounts receivable ledger Checking the electronic bank receipts and record the receipts in the prelist is seen to be able to provide the assistance regarding the cash in bank and other liquid assets Matching the receipts in terms of the remittance advice and forwarding the same to the accounts receivable officer is seen to be helpful for recording the appropriate remittance which are made in advance (Hines et al. 2015) Answer 5 The main assertions addressed with each control have been identified as follows: The necessary assertions need to be maintained as per making the necessary changes in the sales invoice Sales journal and sales ledger needs to be addressed for making use of the sales invoice The necessary adjustment for the sales return and allowances needs to be made in the sales account and sales return account Accounts receivable subsidiary ledger needs to be updated appropriately for using of the sales invoice to make an entry in the sales journal The electronic bank receipts and record the receipts in the prelist needs to be maintained in the cash flow statement Remittance advice and forwarding the same needs to be ensured in the accounts receivable (Gunin-Paracini, Malsch and Paill 2014) Answer 6 The three internal control weaknesses in the processing of transactions of Caromas sales and accounts receivable area are stated below as follows: Inappropriate sales prices, discounts and credits Sales being incorrectly recorded or not recorded Non-receiving of the payments (Rahmina and Agoes 2014) Answer 7 The account balance risk for sales prices, discounts and credits has been considered with range of discounts offered without the management approval In case the sales were manually entered, there may be several instances associated to prenumbering of the invoices The non-receiving of the payment is needed to ensure that the receivables are credited and corrected on the customers account receivable (Amir, Kallunki and Nilsson 2014) Answer 8 The key financial report assertion of the risk needs to be taken into consideration with appropriate discounts and credits which will be prevent any instance of further material misstatement The manual entry of the sales data need to ensure with maintaining an appropriate Accounting Information System, this will be able to ensure proper numbering of the invoices The non-receiving of payment needs to be maintained by issuing a continuous reporting method which will be able to prevent any delay in the customers account receivable account (van Buuren et al. 2014) Reference Amir, E., Kallunki, J. P. and Nilsson, H. (2014) The association between individual audit partners risk preferences and the composition of their client portfolios, Review of Accounting Studies, 19(1), pp. 103133. doi: 10.1007/s11142-013-9245-8. Boritz, J. E., Kochetova-Kozloski, N. and Robinson, L. (2015) Are fraud specialists relatively more effective than auditors at modifying audit programs in the presence of fraud risk?, in Accounting Review, pp. 881915. doi: 10.2308/accr-50911. van Buuren, J., Koch, C., Amerongen, N. van N. and Wright, A. M. (2014) The use of business risk audit perspectives by non-big 4 audit firms, Auditing, 33(3), pp. 105128. doi: 10.2308/ajpt-50760. Cao, L., Li, W. and Zhang, L. (2015) Audit mode change, corporate governance and audit effort, China Journal of Accounting Research, 8(4), pp. 315335. doi: 10.1016/j.cjar.2015.05.002. Gunin-Paracini, H., Malsch, B. and Paill, A. M. (2014) Fear and risk in the audit process, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39(4), pp. 264288. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2014.02.001. Hines, C. S., Masli, A., Mauldin, E. G. and Peters, G. F. (2015) Board risk committees and audit pricing, Auditing, 34(4), pp. 5984. doi: 10.2308/ajpt-51035. Rahmina, L. Y. and Agoes, S. (2014) Influence of Auditor Independence, Audit Tenure, and Audit Fee on Audit Quality of Members of Capital Market Accountant Forum in Indonesia, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, pp. 324331. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.083. Sun, J. and Liu, G. (2014) Audit committees oversight of bank risk-taking, Journal of Banking and Finance, 40(1), pp. 376387. doi: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.015.

What Essay Topics Are Considered Good Cause and Effect Essays?

What Essay Topics Are Considered Good Cause and Effect Essays?Good cause and effect essay topics for middle school students are essential to writing college-level composition. An essay that is well-written and high-quality will receive a higher grade than one that is poorly written and could cause a student to lose points from the professor. In order to be prepared, students must know how to write such essays and what to include in their write-ups.The first step in writing an essay that is well-written is to review the material and make sure the student has read about or learned about it. This way, the student can then examine the information from a variety of different angles and examine the information in context. By doing this, the student can make sure that the information he/she learns is relevant and true.It is also important for students to know what information is not allowed and what should be. Sometimes topics that are not allowed include topics that the student has written about. These are topics that were made up by the student. This is not allowed as it ruins the credibility of the essay.Other times, topics that are not allowed involve using someone else's statements in the main points of the essay. For example, if a student uses someone else's statements and uses them in their main points in their essay, the student could be penalized if the teacher finds out. Students should avoid using statements that are not related to the topic at hand.Next, students should make sure they follow all of the rules. Students should write the essay at least two drafts and make sure they have had time to edit and revise the essay if necessary. Once the essay is complete, students should also send it to both their teacher and to the school's administration for approval.Finally, when writing a good cause and effect essay, students should be sure to answer all of the questions that the professor asks. One important question that a student should always be able to answ er is: 'How does the writer feel about this subject?' Students should always be able to answer such questions as how they feel about racism, violence, power, or any other controversial topic.A student's answers to these questions should be convincing but never go against the rules of good cause and effect essay topics for middle school students. For example, if a student claims that they did not understand why someone would be offended by a subject matter or they were not offended by the subject matter in question, the essay could easily be disqualified.These are the major topics that students should be familiar with when writing essay topics for middle school students. By making sure that they know what topics are acceptable and what are not, students will be able to write excellent college-level essays.

Background information about waste disposal practices Essay Example

Background information about waste disposal practices Paper A primary objective of waste management today is to protect the public and the environment from potentially harmful effects of waste. Some waste materials are normally safe, but can become hazardous if not managed properly. For example, 1 gal (3. 75 1) of used motor oil can potentially contaminate one million gal (3,790,000 1) of drinking water . Every individual, business, or organization must make decisions and take some responsibility regarding the management of his or her waste. On a larger scale, government agencies at the local, state, and federal levels enact and enforce regulations governing waste management. These agencies also educate the public about proper waste management. In addition, local government agencies may provide disposal or recycling services, or they may hire or authorize private companies to perform those functions. Throughout history, there have been four basic methods of managing waste: dumping it, burning it, finding another use for it (reuse and recycling), and not creating the waste in the first place (waste prevention). How those four methods are utilized depends on the wastes being managed. Municipal solid waste is different from industrial, agricultural, or mining waste. Hazardous waste is a category that should be anteed separately, although it sometimes is generated with the other types. The first humans did not worry much about waste management. They simply left their garbage where it dropped. However, as permanent communities developed, people began to dispose of their waste in designated dumping areas. The use of such open dumps for garbage is still common in many parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Background information about waste disposal practices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Background information about waste disposal practices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Background information about waste disposal practices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Open dumps have major disadvantages, however, especially in heavily populated areas. Toxic chemicals can filter down through a dump and contaminate groundwater . The liquid that filters through a dump or landfill is called leached. Dumps may also generate methane, a flammable and explosive gas produced when organic wastes decompose under anaerobic (oxygen-poor) conditions. The landfill, also known as the sanitary landfill, was invented in England in the 1 sass. Ata landfill, the garbage is compacted and covered at the end of every day with several inches of soil . Landfill became common in the united States in the sass. By the late sass, it was the dominant method for disposing municipal solid waste in the nation. Early landfills had significant problems with leached and methane, but those have largely been resolved at facilities built since about he early 1 sass. Well-engineered landfills are lined with several feet of clay and with thick plastic sheets. Leached is collected at the bottom, drained through pipes, and processed. Methane gas is also safely piped out of many landfills. The dumping of waste does not just take place on land. Ocean dumping, in which barges carry garbage out to sea, was once used as a disposal method by some United States coastal cities and is still practiced by some nations. Sewage sludge, or waste material from sewage treatment, was dumped at sea in huge quantities by New York City as recently as 1 992, but his is now prohibited in the United States. Also called bossily, sewage sludge is not generally considered solid waste, but it is sometimes composted with organic municipal solid waste. Burning has a long history in municipal solid waste management. Some American cities began to burn their garbage in the late nineteenth century in devices called crematory. These Were not very efficient, however, and cities went back to dumping and other methods. In the 1 sass and sass, many cities built new types of more-efficient garbage burners known as incinerators. The early incinerators were rather dirty in arms of their emissions of air pollutants, and beginning in the sass they were gradually shut down. However, in the 1 9705, waste burning enjoyed another revival. These newer incinerators, many of which are still in operation, are called resource recovery or waste-to-energy plants. In addition to burning garbage, they produce heat or electricity that can be used in nearby buildings or residences, or sold to a utility. Many local governments became interested in waste-to-energy plants following the energy crisis in 1973. However, since the mid-1 sass, it became difficult to find locations to lid these facilities, mainly because of public opposition focused on air- quality issues. Another problem with incineration is that it generates ash, which must be landfill. Incinerators usually reduce the volume of garbage by 70-90%. The remainder of the incinerated waste comes out as ash that often contains high concentrations of toxic substances. Municipal solid waste will likely always be landfill or burned to some extent. In the past 25 years, however, non-disposal methods such as waste prevention and recycling have become more common. Because of public concerns and the high costs of entangling and burning (especially to build new facilities), local governments want to reduce the amount of waste that must be disposed in these ways. Municipal solid waste is a relatively small part of the overall waste generated in the United States. More than 95% of the total 4. 5 billion tons of solid waste generated in the United States each year is agricultural, mining, or industrial waste. These wastes do not receive nearly as much attention as municipal solid waste, because most people do not have direct experience with them. Also, agricultural and mining wastes, which make up 88% of the overall total f solid waste, are largely handled at the places they are generated, that is, in the fields or at remote mining sites. Mining nearly always generates substantial waste, whether the material being mined is coal , clay, sand , gravel, building stone, or metallic ore. Early mining concentrated on the richest lodes of minerals . Because modern methods of mining are more efficient, they can extract the desired minerals from veins that are less rich. However, much more waste is produced in the process. Many of the plant and animal wastes generated by agriculture remain in the fields or rangelands. These wastes can be beneficial because they return organic matter and nutrients to the soil. However, modern techniques of raising large numbers of animals in small areas generate huge volumes of animal waste, or manure. Waste in such concentrated quantities must be managed carefully, or it can contaminate groundwater or surface water. Industrial wastes that are not hazardous have traditionally been sent to landfills or incinerators. The rising cost of disposal has prompted many companies to seek alternative methods for handling these Wastes, such as Waste prevention and recycling. Often a manufacturing plant can reclaim certain east materials by feeding them back into the production process. Hazardous wastes are materials considered harmful or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Wastes may be deemed hazardous because they are poisonous, flammable, or corrosive, or because they react with other substances in a dangerous way. Industrial operations have produced large quantities of hazardous waste for hundreds of years. Some hazardous wastes, such as mercury and dioxins, may be released as gases or vapors. Many hazardous industrial wastes are in liquid form. One of the greatest risks is that these wastes will contaminate water supplies. An estimated 60% of all hazardous industrial waste in the United States is disposed using a method called deep-well injection. With this technique, liquid wastes are injected through a well into an impervious reconfirmation that keeps the waste isolated from groundwater and surface water. Other methods of underground burial are also used to dispose hazardous industrial waste and other types of dangerous material. Pesticides used in farming may contaminate agricultural waste. Because of the enormous volumes of pesticides used in agriculture, the proper handling of unused pesticides is a daunting challenge for waste managers. Certain mining techniques also utilize toxic chemicals. Piles of mining and metal-processing waste, known as waste rock and tailings, may contain hazardous substances. Because of a reaction with the oxygen in the air, large amounts of toxic acids may form in waste rock and tailings and leach into surface waters. Public attitudes also play a pivotal role in decisions about waste management. Virtually every proposed new landfill or waste-to-energy plant is opposed by people who live near the site. Public officials and planners refer to this reaction as NIMBI, which stands for Not In My Backyard If an opposition group becomes vocal r powerful enough, a city or county council is not likely to approve a proposed waste-disposal project. The public also wields considerable influence with businesses. Recycling and waste prevention initiatives enjoy strong public support. About 19% of United States municipal solid waste was recycled or composted in 1 994, was incinerated, and 71 % was landfill. Preventing or reducing waste is typically the least expensive method for managing waste. Waste prevention may also reduce the amount of resources needed to manufacture or package a product. For example, most roll-on deodorants once came in a plastic bottle, which was inside a box. Beginning about 1 992, deodorant manufacturers redesigned the bottle so that it would not tip-over easily on store shelves, which eliminated the need for the box as packaging. This is the type of waste prevention called source reduction. It can save businesses money, while also reducing waste. Waste prevention includes many different practices that result in using fewer materials or products, or using materials that are less toxic. For example, a chain of clothing stores can ship its products to its Stores in reusable garment bags, instead of disposable lactic bags. Manufacturers of household batteries can reduce the amount of mercury in their batteries. In an office, employees can copy documents on both sides of a sheet of paper, instead of just one side. A family can use cloth instead of paper napkins. Composting grass clippings and tree leaves at home, rather than having them picked up for disposal or municipal composting, is another form of waste prevention. A resident can leave grass clippings on the lawn after mowing (this is known as grass-cycling), or can compost leaves and grass in a backyard composting bin, or use them as a mulch in the garden. When the current recycling boom began in the late sass, markets for the recyclables were not sufficiently considered. A result was that some recyclable materials were collected in large quantities but could not be sold, and some ended up going to landfills. Today, the development of recycling markets is a high priority. Close the loop is a catch-phrase in recycling education; it means that true recycling (I. E. , the recycling loop) has not taken place until the new product is purchased and used. To boost recycling markets, many local and state governments now require that their own agencies purchase and use products made from cycled materials. In a major step Fontana for recycling, President Bill Cloudiness an executive order in 1993 requiring the federal government to use more recycled products. Many managers of government recycling programs feel that manufacturers should take more responsibility for the disposal of their products and packaging rather than letting municipalities bear the brunt of the disposal costs. An innovative and controversial law in Germany requires manufacturers to set up collection and recycling programs for disused packaging of their products. The high cost of government-created recycling programs is often criticized. Supporters of recycling argue it is still less expensive than landfill or incineration, when all costs are considered. Another concern about recycling is that the recycling process itself may generate hazardous wastes that must be treated and disposed. Recycling of construction and demolition (CD) debris is one of the growth areas for recycling. Although CD debris is not normally considered a type of municipal solid waste, millions of tons of it have gone to municipal landfills over the years. If this material is separated at the construction or demolition site into separate piles of concrete, wood, and steel, it can usually e recycled. Composting is considered either a form of recycling, or a close relative. Composting occurs when organic waste-? such as yard waste, food waste, and paper-?is broken down by microbial processes. The resulting material, known as compost, can be used by landscapers and gardeners to improve the fertility of their soil. Yard waste, primarily grass clippings and tree leaves, makes up about one-fifth of the weight of municipal solid waste. Some states do not allow this waste to be disposed. These yard-waste bans have resulted in rapid growth for municipal composting programs. In these orgasm, yard waste is collected by trucks (separately from garbage and recyclables) and taken to a composting plant, where it is chopped up, heaped, and regularly turned until it becomes compost. Waste from food-processing plants and produce trimmings from grocery stores are composted in some parts of the country. Residential food waste is the next frontier for composting. The city of Halifax, in Canada, collects food waste from households and composts it in large, central facilities. Biological treatment, a technique for handling hazardous wastes, could be called a high-tech form of composting. Like composting biological treatment employs microbes to break down wastes through a series of metabolic reactions. Many substances that are toxic, carcinogenic (cancer-causing), or undesirable in the environment for other reasons can be rendered harmless through this method. Extensive research on biological treatment is in progress. Genetic engineering, a controversial branch of biology dealing with the modification of genetic codes, is closely linked with biological treatment, and could produce significant advances in this field. Waste management became a particularly expensive proposition during the 1 9905, especially for disposal. Consequently, waste managers constantly seek innovations that will improve efficiency and reduce costs. Several new ideas in land-filling involve the reclamation of useful resources from wastes. For example, instead of just burning or releasing the methane gas that is generated within solid-waste landfills, some operators collect this gas, and then use it to produce power locally or sell it as fuel. At a few landfills, managers have experimented with a bold but relatively untested concept known as landfill mining. This involves digging up an existing landfill to recover recyclable materials, and sometimes o re-bury the garbage more efficiently. Landfill mining has been criticized as costly and impractical, but some operators believe it can save money under certain circumstances. In the high-tech world of incineration, new designs and concepts are constantly being tried. One waste-to-energy technology for solid waste being introduced to the United States is called fluoride-bed incineration. About 40% of incinerators in Japan use this technology, which is designed to have lower emissions of some air pollutants than conventional incinerators. A 1 994 United States Supreme Court ruling could increase the cost of incineration significantly. The Court ruled that some ash produced by municipal solid-waste incinerators must be treated as a hazardous waste, because of high levels of toxic substances such as lead and cadmium. This means that incinerator ash now has to be tested, and part or all of the material may have to go to a hazardous waste landfill rather than a standard landfill. A much smaller type of incinerator is used at many hospitals to burn medical wastes, such as blood, surgical waste, syringes, and laboratory waste. The safety of these medical waste incinerators has become a major issue in some communities. A study by the Environmental Protection Agency released n 1 994 found that medical waste incinerators were leading sources of dioxin emissions into the air. The same study warned that dioxins, which can be formed by the burning of certain chemical compounds, pose a high risk of causing cancer and other health hazards in humans. The greatest impetus for waste prevention will likely come from the public. More and more citizens will come to understand that pesticides, excessive packaging, and the use of disposable rather than durable items have important environmental costs. Through the growth of the information society, knowledge about these and other environmental issues will increase. This should result in a continuing evolution towards more efficient and environmentally sensitive waste management. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. All waste materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the emit of waste management. Waste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management of non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local superconductivitys, while management for non- hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or international authorities. Waste collection methods vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities, or by private companies in the industry. Some areas, especially those in less developed countries, do not have a formal waste-collection system. Examples of waste handling systems include: In Europe and a few other places around the world, a few communities use a proprietary collection system known as Invade, which conveys refuse via underground conduits using a vacuum system. Other vacuum-based solutions include the [emailprotected] [3] single-line and ring-line automatic waste collection system, here the waste is automatically collected through relatively small diameter flexible pipes from waste collection points spread out up to a distance of four kilometers from the waste collections stations. In Canadian urban centers curbside collection is the most common method of disposal, whereby the city collects waste and/or recyclables and/or organics on a scheduled basis. In rural areas people often dispose of their waste by hauling it to a transfer station. Waste collected is then transported to a regional landfill. In China, Plastic paralysis or Tire paralysis is: the process of converting waste lactic/tires into industrial fuels like paralysis oil, carbon black and hydrocarbon gas. End products are used as industrial fuels for producing heat, steam or electricity. Paralysis plant is also known as: paralysis unit, plastic to fuel industry, tire to fuel industry, plastic and tire recycling unit etc. The system is used in USA California, Australia, Greece, Mexico, the united Kingdom and in Israel-For example, REESE paralysis plant that has been operational at Texas USA since December 2011, and processes up to 60 tons per day. [J In Taipei, the city government charges its households and industries for the volume of rubbish they produce. Waste will only be collected by the city council if waste is disposed in government issued rubbish bags. This policy has successfully reduced the amount of waste the city produces and increased the recycling rate. In Israel, the Arrow Ecology company has developed the Aerobic system, which takes trash directly from collection trucks and separates organic and inorganic materials through gravitational settling, screening, and hydro-mechanical shredding. The system is capable of sorting huge volumes of solid waste, salvaging recyclables, and running the rest into biogas and rich agricultural compost. Background information about waste disposal practices Essay Example Background information about waste disposal practices Paper A primary objective of waste management today is to protect the public and the environment from potentially harmful effects of waste. Some waste materials are normally safe, but can become hazardous if not managed properly. For example, 1 gal (3. 75 1) of used motor oil can potentially contaminate one million gal (3,790,000 1) of drinking water . Every individual, business, or organization must make decisions and take some responsibility regarding the management of his or her waste. On a larger scale, government agencies at the local, state, and federal levels enact and enforce regulations governing waste management. These agencies also educate the public about proper waste management. In addition, local government agencies may provide disposal or recycling services, or they may hire or authorize private companies to perform those functions. Throughout history, there have been four basic methods of managing waste: dumping it, burning it, finding another use for it (reuse and recycling), and not creating the waste in the first place (waste prevention). How those four methods are utilized depends on the wastes being managed. Municipal solid waste is different from industrial, agricultural, or mining waste. Hazardous waste is a category that should be anteed separately, although it sometimes is generated with the other types. The first humans did not worry much about waste management. They simply left their garbage where it dropped. However, as permanent communities developed, people began to dispose of their waste in designated dumping areas. The use of such open dumps for garbage is still common in many parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Background information about waste disposal practices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Background information about waste disposal practices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Background information about waste disposal practices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Open dumps have major disadvantages, however, especially in heavily populated areas. Toxic chemicals can filter down through a dump and contaminate groundwater . The liquid that filters through a dump or landfill is called leached. Dumps may also generate methane, a flammable and explosive gas produced when organic wastes decompose under anaerobic (oxygen-poor) conditions. The landfill, also known as the sanitary landfill, was invented in England in the 1 sass. Ata landfill, the garbage is compacted and covered at the end of every day with several inches of soil . Landfill became common in the united States in the sass. By the late sass, it was the dominant method for disposing municipal solid waste in the nation. Early landfills had significant problems with leached and methane, but those have largely been resolved at facilities built since about he early 1 sass. Well-engineered landfills are lined with several feet of clay and with thick plastic sheets. Leached is collected at the bottom, drained through pipes, and processed. Methane gas is also safely piped out of many landfills. The dumping of waste does not just take place on land. Ocean dumping, in which barges carry garbage out to sea, was once used as a disposal method by some United States coastal cities and is still practiced by some nations. Sewage sludge, or waste material from sewage treatment, was dumped at sea in huge quantities by New York City as recently as 1 992, but his is now prohibited in the United States. Also called bossily, sewage sludge is not generally considered solid waste, but it is sometimes composted with organic municipal solid waste. Burning has a long history in municipal solid waste management. Some American cities began to burn their garbage in the late nineteenth century in devices called crematory. These Were not very efficient, however, and cities went back to dumping and other methods. In the 1 sass and sass, many cities built new types of more-efficient garbage burners known as incinerators. The early incinerators were rather dirty in arms of their emissions of air pollutants, and beginning in the sass they were gradually shut down. However, in the 1 9705, waste burning enjoyed another revival. These newer incinerators, many of which are still in operation, are called resource recovery or waste-to-energy plants. In addition to burning garbage, they produce heat or electricity that can be used in nearby buildings or residences, or sold to a utility. Many local governments became interested in waste-to-energy plants following the energy crisis in 1973. However, since the mid-1 sass, it became difficult to find locations to lid these facilities, mainly because of public opposition focused on air- quality issues. Another problem with incineration is that it generates ash, which must be landfill. Incinerators usually reduce the volume of garbage by 70-90%. The remainder of the incinerated waste comes out as ash that often contains high concentrations of toxic substances. Municipal solid waste will likely always be landfill or burned to some extent. In the past 25 years, however, non-disposal methods such as waste prevention and recycling have become more common. Because of public concerns and the high costs of entangling and burning (especially to build new facilities), local governments want to reduce the amount of waste that must be disposed in these ways. Municipal solid waste is a relatively small part of the overall waste generated in the United States. More than 95% of the total 4. 5 billion tons of solid waste generated in the United States each year is agricultural, mining, or industrial waste. These wastes do not receive nearly as much attention as municipal solid waste, because most people do not have direct experience with them. Also, agricultural and mining wastes, which make up 88% of the overall total f solid waste, are largely handled at the places they are generated, that is, in the fields or at remote mining sites. Mining nearly always generates substantial waste, whether the material being mined is coal , clay, sand , gravel, building stone, or metallic ore. Early mining concentrated on the richest lodes of minerals . Because modern methods of mining are more efficient, they can extract the desired minerals from veins that are less rich. However, much more waste is produced in the process. Many of the plant and animal wastes generated by agriculture remain in the fields or rangelands. These wastes can be beneficial because they return organic matter and nutrients to the soil. However, modern techniques of raising large numbers of animals in small areas generate huge volumes of animal waste, or manure. Waste in such concentrated quantities must be managed carefully, or it can contaminate groundwater or surface water. Industrial wastes that are not hazardous have traditionally been sent to landfills or incinerators. The rising cost of disposal has prompted many companies to seek alternative methods for handling these Wastes, such as Waste prevention and recycling. Often a manufacturing plant can reclaim certain east materials by feeding them back into the production process. Hazardous wastes are materials considered harmful or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Wastes may be deemed hazardous because they are poisonous, flammable, or corrosive, or because they react with other substances in a dangerous way. Industrial operations have produced large quantities of hazardous waste for hundreds of years. Some hazardous wastes, such as mercury and dioxins, may be released as gases or vapors. Many hazardous industrial wastes are in liquid form. One of the greatest risks is that these wastes will contaminate water supplies. An estimated 60% of all hazardous industrial waste in the United States is disposed using a method called deep-well injection. With this technique, liquid wastes are injected through a well into an impervious reconfirmation that keeps the waste isolated from groundwater and surface water. Other methods of underground burial are also used to dispose hazardous industrial waste and other types of dangerous material. Pesticides used in farming may contaminate agricultural waste. Because of the enormous volumes of pesticides used in agriculture, the proper handling of unused pesticides is a daunting challenge for waste managers. Certain mining techniques also utilize toxic chemicals. Piles of mining and metal-processing waste, known as waste rock and tailings, may contain hazardous substances. Because of a reaction with the oxygen in the air, large amounts of toxic acids may form in waste rock and tailings and leach into surface waters. Public attitudes also play a pivotal role in decisions about waste management. Virtually every proposed new landfill or waste-to-energy plant is opposed by people who live near the site. Public officials and planners refer to this reaction as NIMBI, which stands for Not In My Backyard If an opposition group becomes vocal r powerful enough, a city or county council is not likely to approve a proposed waste-disposal project. The public also wields considerable influence with businesses. Recycling and waste prevention initiatives enjoy strong public support. About 19% of United States municipal solid waste was recycled or composted in 1 994, was incinerated, and 71 % was landfill. Preventing or reducing waste is typically the least expensive method for managing waste. Waste prevention may also reduce the amount of resources needed to manufacture or package a product. For example, most roll-on deodorants once came in a plastic bottle, which was inside a box. Beginning about 1 992, deodorant manufacturers redesigned the bottle so that it would not tip-over easily on store shelves, which eliminated the need for the box as packaging. This is the type of waste prevention called source reduction. It can save businesses money, while also reducing waste. Waste prevention includes many different practices that result in using fewer materials or products, or using materials that are less toxic. For example, a chain of clothing stores can ship its products to its Stores in reusable garment bags, instead of disposable lactic bags. Manufacturers of household batteries can reduce the amount of mercury in their batteries. In an office, employees can copy documents on both sides of a sheet of paper, instead of just one side. A family can use cloth instead of paper napkins. Composting grass clippings and tree leaves at home, rather than having them picked up for disposal or municipal composting, is another form of waste prevention. A resident can leave grass clippings on the lawn after mowing (this is known as grass-cycling), or can compost leaves and grass in a backyard composting bin, or use them as a mulch in the garden. When the current recycling boom began in the late sass, markets for the recyclables were not sufficiently considered. A result was that some recyclable materials were collected in large quantities but could not be sold, and some ended up going to landfills. Today, the development of recycling markets is a high priority. Close the loop is a catch-phrase in recycling education; it means that true recycling (I. E. , the recycling loop) has not taken place until the new product is purchased and used. To boost recycling markets, many local and state governments now require that their own agencies purchase and use products made from cycled materials. In a major step Fontana for recycling, President Bill Cloudiness an executive order in 1993 requiring the federal government to use more recycled products. Many managers of government recycling programs feel that manufacturers should take more responsibility for the disposal of their products and packaging rather than letting municipalities bear the brunt of the disposal costs. An innovative and controversial law in Germany requires manufacturers to set up collection and recycling programs for disused packaging of their products. The high cost of government-created recycling programs is often criticized. Supporters of recycling argue it is still less expensive than landfill or incineration, when all costs are considered. Another concern about recycling is that the recycling process itself may generate hazardous wastes that must be treated and disposed. Recycling of construction and demolition (CD) debris is one of the growth areas for recycling. Although CD debris is not normally considered a type of municipal solid waste, millions of tons of it have gone to municipal landfills over the years. If this material is separated at the construction or demolition site into separate piles of concrete, wood, and steel, it can usually e recycled. Composting is considered either a form of recycling, or a close relative. Composting occurs when organic waste-? such as yard waste, food waste, and paper-?is broken down by microbial processes. The resulting material, known as compost, can be used by landscapers and gardeners to improve the fertility of their soil. Yard waste, primarily grass clippings and tree leaves, makes up about one-fifth of the weight of municipal solid waste. Some states do not allow this waste to be disposed. These yard-waste bans have resulted in rapid growth for municipal composting programs. In these orgasm, yard waste is collected by trucks (separately from garbage and recyclables) and taken to a composting plant, where it is chopped up, heaped, and regularly turned until it becomes compost. Waste from food-processing plants and produce trimmings from grocery stores are composted in some parts of the country. Residential food waste is the next frontier for composting. The city of Halifax, in Canada, collects food waste from households and composts it in large, central facilities. Biological treatment, a technique for handling hazardous wastes, could be called a high-tech form of composting. Like composting biological treatment employs microbes to break down wastes through a series of metabolic reactions. Many substances that are toxic, carcinogenic (cancer-causing), or undesirable in the environment for other reasons can be rendered harmless through this method. Extensive research on biological treatment is in progress. Genetic engineering, a controversial branch of biology dealing with the modification of genetic codes, is closely linked with biological treatment, and could produce significant advances in this field. Waste management became a particularly expensive proposition during the 1 9905, especially for disposal. Consequently, waste managers constantly seek innovations that will improve efficiency and reduce costs. Several new ideas in land-filling involve the reclamation of useful resources from wastes. For example, instead of just burning or releasing the methane gas that is generated within solid-waste landfills, some operators collect this gas, and then use it to produce power locally or sell it as fuel. At a few landfills, managers have experimented with a bold but relatively untested concept known as landfill mining. This involves digging up an existing landfill to recover recyclable materials, and sometimes o re-bury the garbage more efficiently. Landfill mining has been criticized as costly and impractical, but some operators believe it can save money under certain circumstances. In the high-tech world of incineration, new designs and concepts are constantly being tried. One waste-to-energy technology for solid waste being introduced to the United States is called fluoride-bed incineration. About 40% of incinerators in Japan use this technology, which is designed to have lower emissions of some air pollutants than conventional incinerators. A 1 994 United States Supreme Court ruling could increase the cost of incineration significantly. The Court ruled that some ash produced by municipal solid-waste incinerators must be treated as a hazardous waste, because of high levels of toxic substances such as lead and cadmium. This means that incinerator ash now has to be tested, and part or all of the material may have to go to a hazardous waste landfill rather than a standard landfill. A much smaller type of incinerator is used at many hospitals to burn medical wastes, such as blood, surgical waste, syringes, and laboratory waste. The safety of these medical waste incinerators has become a major issue in some communities. A study by the Environmental Protection Agency released n 1 994 found that medical waste incinerators were leading sources of dioxin emissions into the air. The same study warned that dioxins, which can be formed by the burning of certain chemical compounds, pose a high risk of causing cancer and other health hazards in humans. The greatest impetus for waste prevention will likely come from the public. More and more citizens will come to understand that pesticides, excessive packaging, and the use of disposable rather than durable items have important environmental costs. Through the growth of the information society, knowledge about these and other environmental issues will increase. This should result in a continuing evolution towards more efficient and environmentally sensitive waste management. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. All waste materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the emit of waste management. Waste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management of non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local superconductivitys, while management for non- hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or international authorities. Waste collection methods vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities, or by private companies in the industry. Some areas, especially those in less developed countries, do not have a formal waste-collection system. Examples of waste handling systems include: In Europe and a few other places around the world, a few communities use a proprietary collection system known as Invade, which conveys refuse via underground conduits using a vacuum system. Other vacuum-based solutions include the [emailprotected] [3] single-line and ring-line automatic waste collection system, here the waste is automatically collected through relatively small diameter flexible pipes from waste collection points spread out up to a distance of four kilometers from the waste collections stations. In Canadian urban centers curbside collection is the most common method of disposal, whereby the city collects waste and/or recyclables and/or organics on a scheduled basis. In rural areas people often dispose of their waste by hauling it to a transfer station. Waste collected is then transported to a regional landfill. In China, Plastic paralysis or Tire paralysis is: the process of converting waste lactic/tires into industrial fuels like paralysis oil, carbon black and hydrocarbon gas. End products are used as industrial fuels for producing heat, steam or electricity. Paralysis plant is also known as: paralysis unit, plastic to fuel industry, tire to fuel industry, plastic and tire recycling unit etc. The system is used in USA California, Australia, Greece, Mexico, the united Kingdom and in Israel-For example, REESE paralysis plant that has been operational at Texas USA since December 2011, and processes up to 60 tons per day. [J In Taipei, the city government charges its households and industries for the volume of rubbish they produce. Waste will only be collected by the city council if waste is disposed in government issued rubbish bags. This policy has successfully reduced the amount of waste the city produces and increased the recycling rate. In Israel, the Arrow Ecology company has developed the Aerobic system, which takes trash directly from collection trucks and separates organic and inorganic materials through gravitational settling, screening, and hydro-mechanical shredding. The system is capable of sorting huge volumes of solid waste, salvaging recyclables, and running the rest into biogas and rich agricultural compost.